History of Medicine

1. History of Medicine Introduction to Health Science and Technology

2. Objectives Students will be able to identify key historical events in the science of medicine. Students will be able to identify similarities and differences of medicine in history and medicine today. Students will find a person in history from a country of their ancestors that contributed to medicine in some way and put it on the time line developed as a class.

3. Write-Pair-Share Why do we study history? What is it about history that helps us today? Why is the history of medicine important for us who want to go into the medical field?

5. Primitive Times • Used tribal Witchdoctors to cure disease • Trepanning – drilling holes in the head - was often used to help release evil spirits from the sick person. • Herbs and Plants were used as medicine.

6. The Egyptian People • Earliest people to keep health records • Identified diseases

7. The Egyptian People • Used Medicine to heal (Herbs and Plants) • Splinted fractures

8. The Greek People • Study causes of disease • Aristotle began comparative Anatomy • Alcmaeon – Theorized Brain was the seat of understanding • Herbs and Plants used for healing • Hippocrates • The “Father of Medicine” • Hippocratic Oath • “Code of Ethics”

9. Ancient Romans • First to provide medical care for soldiers during battle • Early hospitals – usually in the homes of doctors. • First to create a public health part of government and develop sanitation systems. • Herbal remedies used

10. Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD) • Study of medicine stopped for over 1000 years. • Medicine practiced in monasteries and convents. • First medical school opened toward the end of the middle ages • Rhazes – invented suturing to close wounds

11. Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD) • Used herbal medicine

12. Plagues and Epidemics during the dark ages • Bubonic Plague

13. The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD) • Rebirth of Science • Medical schools • Study of the body by dissection • Leonardo da Vinci – Created many inventions and studied and created anatomical drawings. • Vesalius – Wrote first Anatomy book

14. The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD) • Invention of the Printing Press made books available to study. Monks copying books in a Monastery prior to the Renaissance

15. 16th and 17th Century • Leonardo da Vinci – continued influence • Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body.

16. 16th and 17th Century • William Harvey • Pumping heart and circulation.

17. 16th and 17th Century • Anton van Leeuwenhoek • Invented the microscope

18. 17th Century • Rene Laennec • Invented the stethoscope

19. More Illness... • Smallpox • Tuberculosis • Cholera • Influenza • Diphtheria • Whooping Cough • Mountain Fever

20. 17th Century • Benjamin Franklin… • Invented bifocals because he had trouble seeing. • Electricity • Many more inventions

21. 17th Century • Edward Jenner • Vaccination for smallpox

22. 18th Century • Joseph Lister • The first doctor to use antiseptic during an operation to prevent infection.

23. 18th Century • Ignas Semmelweiss • Cause of childhood fever • Instituted hand washing • Died from a cut he received during an autopsy.

24. 18th Century • Louis Pasteur • Microorganisms cause disease.

25. 18th Century • Robert Koch • The ‘Father of Microbiology”

26. 18th Century • Wilhelm Roentgen • Discovered x-rays

27. 19th Century • Florence Nightingale • First school of nursing • Made nursing an honorable profession

28. 19th Century • Sigmund Freud • His studies were the basis of psychology and psychiatry

29. 19th Century • Clara Barton • Established the American Red Cross

30. 20th Century • Alexander Fleming • Discovered Penicillin

31. 20th Century • Jonas Salk • Discovered a ‘killed’ polio virus vaccine

32. Other Discoveries • Alfred Sabin • Live polio vaccine • Dr. Jarvik • Artificial heart • Dr. Divecci • First Heart Transplant • Europe in 20th Century • First ‘test tube’ baby

33. Other Discoveries.. • First EKG Machine

34. Not the end…only the beginning! You are the future!