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Chapter 22

Chapter 22. Alternating Current. Goals for Chapter 22. To study phasors and alternating current. To explore and calculate resistance and reactance. To diagram and solve examples of the series R-L-C circuit. To calculate and graph power in alternating –current circuits.

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Chapter 22

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  1. Chapter 22 Alternating Current

  2. Goals for Chapter 22 • To study phasors and alternating current. • To explore and calculate resistance and reactance. • To diagram and solve examples of the series R-L-C circuit. • To calculate and graph power in alternating –current circuits. • To study series and parallel resonance.

  3. Alternating current - Figure 22.1 • A coil of wire rotating with constant angular velocity in a magnetic field develops a sinusoidal oscillating current. • The potential will vary from a maximum V at a frequency ω (or, by a factor of 2π, as f in Hz).

  4. What are phasors? – Figure 22.2 • Phasors are graphic representations of location. In two dimensions, you can locate a unique point with a radius vector of length L and its angle with respect to zero. • This figure refers to conceptual analysis 22.1.

  5. Root-Mean-Square averages – Figure 22.4 • Refer to example 22.4 in your text.

  6. Resistance and Reactance – Figure 22.6 • For a circuit such as one shown at the right, there is a resistor and one can calculate the potential and current. BUT in an AC circuit, these are functions of time.

  7. An Inductor in a circuit – Figure 22.7 Refer to Example 22.2 in your text. The circuit leads to the RMS graph which leads to the phasor diagram.

  8. A capacitor in an AC circuit – Figure 22.8 • Even though we don’t think of capacitors as transparent to current, we can have one plate charge then immediately have the opposing plate charge. We think of AC as going past or through a capacitor.

  9. Capacitors and AC circuits II – Figures 22.9,10 • Refer to the worked examples in Conceptual Analysis 22.2 and also in Example 22.3. For use with the conceptual analysis. For use with the worked example on page 743.

  10. The series R-L-C circuit – Figure 22.12 • Consumer electronics would be a good place to find such a circuit.

  11. Current and voltage may be found – Figure 22.13 As in Figure 22.8, here too we can follow the logic from circuit to phasor diagrams.

  12. R-L-C Circuits – Figure 22.14 • Refer to worked Example 22.4 and Conceptual Analysis 22.3. • You will want to take advantage of the Problem Solving Strategy 22.1

  13. Power in Alternating Current Circuits – Figure 22.15 • AC current behaves differently with respect to power than DC current. It was the crucial difference that made long-distance wiring possible.

  14. Power in AC Circuits II – Figures 22.16,17 • Follow from phasor diagram to Conceptual Analysis 22.4 to worked Examples 22.5 and 22.6. “Generic” diagram Specific to the Conceptual Analysis

  15. Series Resonance – Figure 22.18 • Since the AC flow is expressed in terms of frequency, it follows that just like in music, these frequencies can resonate.

  16. Series resonance II – Figures 22.19, 20 • Refer to Conceptual Analysis 22.5 and worked Example 22.7. A “generic” diagram illustrating waveforms in resonance.

  17. Parallel resonance – Figure 22.21 Refer to worked Example 21.8 in your text.

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