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Phylum Porifera

Phylum Porifera. the Sponges. I. General Information. Kingdom : Animalia Subkindom: Parazoa (lacks tissues) Phylum : Porifera (“pore bearer”). Yellow barrel sponge. Pink lumpy sponge. I. General Information. Size range – 1 cm to 2 meters in diameter.

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Phylum Porifera

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  1. Phylum Porifera the Sponges

  2. I. General Information • Kingdom : Animalia • Subkindom: Parazoa (lacks tissues) • Phylum : Porifera (“pore bearer”) Yellow barrel sponge Pink lumpy sponge

  3. I. General Information Size range – 1 cm to 2 meters in diameter Giant Barrel sponges

  4. Inside body cavity of sponge is hollow Called the Spongocoel Have 2 cell layers: Outer epidermis Inner endoderm Jelly-like material between cell layers called mesenchyme II. Sponge Body Structure

  5. Choanocytes (also called “collar cells”) line the gastrovascular cavity & capture food • Amebocytes digest & distribute food to layer of cells not on the surface. Also make spicules

  6. Choanocytes(collar cells) line inside of body cavity (spongocoel) Have flagella that spins to pull in water & food Collar traps plankton (food) from water Specialized Cells Collar

  7. II. Body Structure • Ostia – pores – many, water IN • Oscula – large opening(s), one or few, water OUT osculum

  8. II. Body Structure E. Spicules – hard spear- or star-shaped structures; made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or silica (Si) (glass) F. Spongin – flexible protein fibers; make up skeleton; found in mesenchyme; allows cells to collect

  9. Sponge Skeletons Silica Spicules Limestone Spicules SPONGIN

  10. III. Level of organization A. Cellular B. Eukaryotic (cells have a nucleus) C. No true tissues Japanese Deep Sea Sponge

  11. IV. Symmetry (shape) A. Some asymetrical B. Some radial

  12. V.Habitat Aquatic - A. Marine and B. Fresh-water Purple Rope sponge Fresh-water Sponge

  13. VI. Feeding • Heterotrophic (cannot make own food) • Filter feeders (filter food particles) • Food trapped by choanocytes • Intracellulardigestion (within the cell) • No digestive tract

  14. VI. Feeding • Water & food goes in via ostia • Choanocytes trap food in spongocoel • Amoebocytes digest & carry food to inner layer of cells • Water out osculum

  15. VII. Respiration • via diffusion (oxygen flows from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration)

  16. VIII. Internal transport • via diffusion

  17. IX. Excretion Via DIFFUSION!!!!!

  18. IX. Response to external stimuli • NONE ! • No Nervous System • No cephalization (concentration of sensory and neural organs near head) Pipe organ sponge

  19. X. Locomotion (Movement or motility) Larvae Free- Swimming Adults Sessile (do NOT move)

  20. Sponges can regenerate (regrow) lost body parts through mitotic cell division (asexual) XI. Sponge Reproduction

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