RJDS 2013 Yom HaShoah Presentation

1. RJDS 2013 Yom HaShoah Presentation

2. What is the Shoah? Why don’t we say ‘Holocaust’ The Holocaust (from the Greek ὁλόκαυστος holókaustos: hólos, "whole" and kaustós, "burnt“ which has connotations of a sacrifice). We say השואה HaShoah which means, "catastrophe“ or the Yiddish wordחורבן Churben or Hurban, from the Hebrew for "destruction"), was the destruction the Jewish people during World War II.

3. Mordechai Anielewicz1919-1943 In honor of the 70th anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising we mention its leader, Mordechai Anielewicz who like his namesake Mordechai of the Purim Story stood up against all odds to try and save his people.

5. Dawid Moryc Apfelbaum?-1943 Dawid was an officer in the Polish Army and a commander of the Jewish Military Union (ŻydowskiZwiązekWojskowy, ŻZW), during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. In 1939 Apfelbaum was a Lieutenant in the Polish Army. During the German invasion of Poland he fought in the defence of the Polish capital Warsaw. After Poland's defeat together with many other Jews in Polish Army as well as Polish-Jewish political leaders he founded the ŻZW. It is stated in many secondary accounts that during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Captain Apfelbaum was commander of a squad who took part in the heavy fighting in defense of the Muranowski Square. He was supposedly killed in the first days of uprising.

6. Anne Frank1929-1945 Anne Frank’s diary is one of the most important source documents from the Shoah. It has been the basis for several plays and films and has since been translated into many languages. The diary, which was given to Anne on her 13th birthday, chronicles her life from 12 June 1942 until 1 August 1944. Born in the city of Frankfurt am Main in Weimar Germany, she lived most of her life in or near Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. Born a German national, Frank lost her citizenship in 1941. She gained international fame posthumously after her diary was published. It documents her experiences hiding during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II. The Frank family moved from Germany to Amsterdam in 1933, the year the Nazis gained control over Germany. By the beginning of 1940, they were trapped in Amsterdam by the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. As persecutions of the Jewish population increased in July 1942, the family went into hiding in the hidden rooms of Anne's father, Otto Frank's, office building. After two years, the group was betrayed and transported to concentration camps. Anne Frank and her sister, Margot, were eventually transferred to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where they both died of typhus in March 1945.

7. JanuszKorczak, the pen name of HenrykGoldszmit1878/9-1942 Janusz was a Polish-Jewish educator, children's author, and pediatrician known as Pan Doktor ("Mr. Doctor") or Stary Doktor ("Old Doctor"). After spending many years working as director of an orphanage in Warsaw, he refused freedom and stayed with his orphans when the institution was sent from the Ghetto to Treblinka in 1942.

8. Hannah Szenes 1921-1944 One of 37 Jews from Mandatory Palestine parachuted by the British Army into Yugoslavia during the Second World War to assist in the rescue of Hungarian Jews about to be deported to the German death camp at Auschwitz.[1] Szenes was arrested at the Hungarian border, then imprisoned and tortured, but refused to reveal details of her mission. She was eventually tried and executed by firing squad. She is regarded as a national heroine in Israel, where her poetry is widely known and the headquarters of the Zionist youth movements Israel Hatzeira, a kibbutz and several streets are named after her.

9. Felix Nussbaum 1904-1944 On behalf of all of the Jewish artists who perished in the Holocaust, one that deserves special mention is Felix Nussbaum who was a German-Jewish surrealist painter. Nussbaum’s artwork gives a rare glimpse into the essence of one individual among the victims of the Holocaust.

10. Noor Inayat Khan 1914-1944 Noor Inayat Khan, : नूर इनयात ख़ान GC (2 January 1914 – 13 September 1944) was an Allied secret agent during the Second World War. Usually known as Noor Inayat Khan (but also known as "Nora Baker" and "Madeleine"), she was an Indian Muslim Princess. As an SOE agent during the Second World War, she became the first female radio operator to be sent from Britain into occupied France to aid the French Resistance. She died at the Dachau Concentration Camp after being captured by the Nazis. We remember her on behalf of the five million non-Jews who were murdered by the Nazis in concentration camps.

11. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=meu9XW4NX0A Partisan Song