1 / 66

PSYCHOLOGY: MAKING CONNECTIONS

PSYCHOLOGY: MAKING CONNECTIONS. GREGORY J. FEIST ERIKA L. ROSENBERG. Psychological Disorders. Chapter Fifteen. Preview Questions. How do we know whether or not someone’s behavior is disordered? What causes mental illness?

teenie
Download Presentation

PSYCHOLOGY: MAKING CONNECTIONS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. PSYCHOLOGY: MAKING CONNECTIONS GREGORY J. FEIST ERIKA L. ROSENBERG Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  2. Psychological Disorders Chapter Fifteen Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  3. Preview Questions • How do we know whether or not someone’s behavior is disordered? • What causes mental illness? • Should I be concerned about my roommate, who is tired all the time and doesn't feel like doing anything? Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  4. Preview Questions • What is the chance that my friend who has an identical twin sister with bipolar disorder will also develop this disorder? Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  5. Chapter Preview • Defining Psychological Disorders • Anxiety Disorders • Mood Disorders • Schizophrenia • Dissociative Disorders Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  6. Chapter Preview • Breaking New Ground: Abuse, Disorders, and the Dynamic Brain Personality Disorders • Childhood Disorders • Making Connections in Psychological Disorders: Creativity and Mental Health Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  7. Defining Psychological Disorders • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV-TR (DSM-IV-TR) • Axis I • Syndromes • Comorbidity • Axis II • Axis III • Axis IV • Axis V Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  8. Anxiety Disorders Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  9. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) • Characterized by a pervasive and excessive state of anxiety lasting at least six months • “Worry warts” Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  10. Panic Disorder With or Without Agoraphobia • Panic disorder • Panic attacks • Sudden, short period of extreme anxiety involving physiological and psychological symptoms and intense fear • Agoraphobia • Intense fear of being in places from which escape might be difficult or in which help might not be available should a panic attack occur Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  11. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) • Triggered by exposure to a catastrophic or horrifying event that poses serous harm or threat • Reexperiencing the trauma • Avoiding thoughts, feelings, and activities associated with the trauma • Increased arousal, irritability, difficulty sleeping, or exaggerated startle response Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  12. Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder) • Pronounced fear of humiliation in the presence of others • Marked by severe self-consciousness about appearance or behavior or both Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  13. Specific Phobias • Characterized by intense fear of particular objects or situations • Marked by an intense and immediate fear, even panic, when confronted with very particular situations or objects Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  14. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Obsession • Unwanted thought, word, phrase, or image that persistently and repeatedly comes into a person’s mind and causes distress Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  15. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Compulsion • Repetitive behavior performed in response to uncontrollable urges or according to a ritualistic set of rules Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  16. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Impulse-control disorder • Related to OCD in which a person feels an intense, repetitive desire to perform certain behaviors Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  17. Nature and Nurture Explanations of Anxiety Disorders • Diathesis-stress model • Combination of biological predispositions (diathesis) plus stress on an abusive environment Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  18. Mood Disorders Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  19. Depression and Its Causes • Major depressive disorder • Characterized by pervasive low mood, lack of motivation, low energy, and feelings of worthlessness and guilt that last for at least two consecutive weeks • Dysthymia • Form of depression that is milder that major depressive disorder Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  20. Depression and Its Causes • Combination of brain chemistry and life circumstance • Diathesis-stress model • Serotonin gene • Stressful events Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  21. Bipolar Disorder and Its Causes • Characterized by substantial mood fluctuations, a cycling between very low and very high moods • Manic episode • Cyclothymia • Relatively mild form of bipolar disorder Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  22. Bipolar Disorder and Its Causes • May be seen in development of fetus in a woman who abused alcohol • Genetic component • Neurochemistry of brain • Stress and trauma Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  23. The Bipolar Brain Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  24. Major Symptoms and Behaviors of Mood Disorders Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  25. Schizophrenia Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  26. Major Symptoms of Schizophrenia • Positive • Hallucinations • Delusional thinking • Disorganized thought and speech Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  27. Major Symptoms of Schizophrenia • Negative • Non-responsiveness • Emotional flatness • Immobility • Catatonia • Problems with speech • Inability to complete tasks Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  28. Major Symptoms of Schizophrenia • Cognitive • Problems with working memory • Attention • Verbal and visual learning and memory • Reasoning and problem solving • Speed of processing • Disordered speech • Word salad Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  29. Subtypes of Schizophrenia • Paranoid • preoccupation with delusions and auditory hallucinations • Catatonic • Two of the following: • Extreme immobility or excessive activity, peculiar posturing, mutism, or parroting what other people say Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  30. Subtypes of Schizophrenia • Disorganized • Exhibits both disorganized speech and behavior and flat or inappropriate affect • Undifferentiated • General symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  31. Nature and Nurture Explanations of Schizophrenia • Maternal infections and schizophrenia • Influenza • Rubella • Toxoplasmosis • Herpes Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  32. Nature and Nurture Explanations of Schizophrenia • Schizophrenia and the brain • Abnormal brain development before birth • Dysfunctional prefrontal cortex Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  33. Nature and Nurture Explanations of Schizophrenia • Neurochemistry of schizophrenia • Dopamine hypothesis • Glutamate deficiencies • Crucial in • Learning • Memory • Neural processing • Brain development • Amplifies certain neural signals Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  34. Dissociative Disorders Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  35. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) • Development of at least two distinct personalities, each with its own memories, thoughts, behaviors, and emotions • “Multiple personality” Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  36. Causes of Dissociative Disorders • Lived through a highly traumatic experience • Sexual or physical abuse • Survived a terrible accident or natural disaster in which one was killed Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  37. Breaking New Ground: Abuse, Disorders, and the Dynamic Brain Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  38. Abuse and Neglect Change Brains • Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study • Abuse and neglect shape long-term behavior, physical, and psychological health • Illness and disease, substance abuse, aggression and violence, and depression and schizophrenia were more likely to occur after being abused Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  39. Personality Disorders Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  40. Odd-Eccentric Personality Disorders • Schizoid personality disorder • Wants a solitary life • Does not want close relationships • Emotionally aloof • Reclusive • Humorless Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  41. Odd-Eccentric Personality Disorders • Schizotypal personality disorder • Isolated and asocial • Has very odd thoughts and beliefs • Might think that stories in the newspaper or on the news are written directly about them Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  42. Odd-Eccentric Personality Disorders • Paranoid personality disorder • Extremely suspicious and mistrustful of other people in ways that are both unwarranted and not adaptive • Test loyalty of their friends and lovers • Hold grudges for a long time Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  43. Dramatic-Emotional Personality Disorders • Histrionic personality disorder • Want to be the center of attention • Dramatic, seductive, flamboyant, and exaggerated behavior • Emotional • Intense • Self-centered • Shallow in emotions and relationships Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  44. Dramatic-Emotional Personality Disorders • Borderline personality disorder • Out-of-control emotions • Afraid of being abandoned by others • Vacillate between idealizing and despising those who are close to them • Likely to hurt themselves or suffer from eating disorders or substance abuse Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  45. Dramatic-Emotional Personality Disorders • Narcissistic personality disorder • Extremely positive and arrogant self-image • Attention is self-focused • Exaggerated sense of self-importance • Grandiose • Think they are “God’s gift to humanity” Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  46. Dramatic-Emotional Personality Disorders • Antisocial personality disorder • Impulsive • Deceptive • Violent • Ruthless behavior • Engage in criminal behavior Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  47. Anxious-Fearful Personality Disorder • Avoidant personality disorder • Afraid of being criticized • Avoid interacting with others • Become socially isolated • Feel inadequate • Have low self-esteem Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  48. Anxious-Fearful Personality Disorder • Dependent personality disorder • Fear being rejected • Strong need to be cared for • Form clingy and dependent relationships with others • Feel safe only in relationships but tend to drive others away, because they are too demanding Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  49. Anxious-Fearful Personality Disorder • Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder • Very rigid in habits • Extremely perfectionistic • More general than obsessive-compulsive disorder Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

  50. Nature and Nurture Explanations of Personality Disorders • Focus on antisocial personality disorder • Being male • Being from abusive and neglectful households • Having at least one psychological disorder • Head or brain injury Copyright 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

More Related