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Avian Influenza in a connected world FAO assistance for outbreak prevention and control

Avian Influenza in a connected world FAO assistance for outbreak prevention and control Eran RAIZMAN, Sophie VON DOBSCHUETZ, Guillaume BELOT, Emma GARDNER, Akiko KAMATA, Subhash MORZARIA Head of EMPRES Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, Italy.

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Avian Influenza in a connected world FAO assistance for outbreak prevention and control

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  1. Avian Influenza in a connected world FAO assistance for outbreak prevention and control Eran RAIZMAN, Sophie VON DOBSCHUETZ, Guillaume BELOT, Emma GARDNER, Akiko KAMATA, Subhash MORZARIA Head of EMPRES Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, Italy

  2. FAO Global Mandate • Improve nutrition • Increase agricultural productivity • Raise the standard of living in rural populations • Contribute to global economic growth

  3. EMPRES-AH FAO’s EMERGENCY PREVENTION SYSTEM for ANIMAL HEALTH

  4. ANIMAL HEALTH THREATS Three of today’s major challenges to animal and public health: • Risk of Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs) outbreaks (e.g. Avian Influenza, FMD & PPR) • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) • Food and feed safety

  5. FAO’s RESPONSE: EMPRES-AH • Sustainable capacity building • Knowledge sharing • Tools & Strategies • Coordination & Networking

  6. SUSTAINABLE CAPACITY BUILDING • Technical training • Increased surveillance • Laboratory diagnostics training • Strengthening laboratory capacity • Disease management • Developing tools for disease control and eradication • Advocacy for political will

  7. KNOWLEDGE SHARING • Enabling research environment • Up-to-date disease intelligence and technology • Information sharing on applied research • Disseminating information: • PUBLICATIONS: EMPRES 360, EMPRES Watch, FOCUS ON • WEBSITE: EMPRES-AH

  8. TOOLS & STRATEGIES • Online Information Systems • EMPRES-i • Reporting Systems • EMA-i (Event Mobile Application) • Genetic Module • Risk Assessment • Lab Mapping Tool

  9. COORDINATION & NETWORKING • Disease control activities at country and regional level • Grass roots multisectoral approach to health management • Networking(FMD, OFFLU)

  10. Outline • 2015: An avian influenza year… • Focus on H5N1 HPAI in West Africa • Situation • FAO’s assistance • Focus on Influenza A(H7N9) • Situation • FAO’s assistance • Future prospects for AI control

  11. Outline • 2015: An avian influenza year… • Focus on H5N1 HPAI in West Africa • Situation • FAO’s assistance • Focus on Influenza A(H7N9) • Situation • FAO’s assistance • Future prospects for AI control

  12. ? ? X X

  13. 2015 – An avian influenza year… • HPAI H5 events increased in numbers and geographical extent • Endemic countries reported more outbreaks • Previously unaffected countries detected HPAI H5 viruses in poultry and wild birds Geographical Distribution of H5Nx HPAI viruses26 October 2014 – 26 October 2015

  14. 2015 – An avian influenza year… • H5N1:2015 is the year with the highest number of human cases in history • New introduction and significant spread of the virus in: • Israel – Gaza – West Bank • West Africa Geographical Distribution of H5Nx HPAI viruses26 October 2014 – 26 October 2015

  15. 2015 – An avian influenza year… • HPAI H5 viruses have genetically diversified and re-assorted (N1, 2, 6, 8) • H5N8: Dominant in Republic of Korea • October 2014: Spread to Europe • December 2014: Spread to North America Geographical Distribution of H5Nx HPAI viruses26 October 2014 – 26 October 2015

  16. 2015 – An avian influenza year… • H5N2: Asian reassortant • Endemic in Taiwan • Spread significantly in the USA (48 million birds affected) • No human case Geographical Distribution of H5Nx HPAI viruses26 October 2014 – 26 October 2015

  17. 2015 – An avian influenza year… • H5N6: Virus from China • Spread to Lao PDR and Viet Nam • Human cases Geographical Distribution of H5Nx HPAI viruses26 October 2014 – 26 October 2015

  18. Outline • 2015: An avian influenza year… • Focus on H5N1 HPAI in West Africa • Situation • FAO’s assistance • Focus on Influenza A(H7N9) • Situation • FAO’s assistance • Future prospects for AI control

  19. H5N1 HPAI in West Africa - Situation Introduction: Nigeria – Dec 2014 Burkina Faso – Feb 2015 Niger - Mar 2015 Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana – Apr 2015

  20. H5N1 in West Africa – FAO’s assistance • FAO assessment missions 2015: • -Nigeria (January) • -Benin & Togo (March) • -Cameroun (April) • -Burkina Faso (April) • -Ghana (June) • -Côte d’Ivoire (May) • Need for a regional approach to tackle the epizootic, with information sharing and coordination among the West African countries • Abuja meeting (15-16 June) to define a regional strategy and an • 18-month regional action plan

  21. H5N1 in West Africa – FAO’s assistance • Emergency laboratory support • Provision of equipment and consumables • Support for shipment of samples for disease confirmation and virus characterization • Disease control • Review of countries’ contingency plans • Workshop on secure movement of poultry and poultry products • National & district level training on outbreak management • Planned: Regional workshop on risk management along the production chain (Senegal, December 2015)

  22. H5N1 in West Africa – FAO’s assistance • Disease surveillance support • Risk-based surveillance protocol developed by HQ • Protocol to becontextualized for each country during missions • Technical backstopping missions as requested • Laboratory backstopping in Burkina Faso : Improve good laboratory practices and troubleshooting capacities • Epidemiology backstopping in Cote d’Ivoire : Developing and implementing a risk-based surveillance program • Production of communication materials and guidelines

  23. Outline • 2015: An avian influenza year… • Focus on H5N1 HPAI in West Africa • Situation • FAO’s assistance • Focus on Influenza A(H7N9) • Situation • FAO’s assistance • Future prospects for AI control

  24. Influenza A(H7N9) - Situation • First human cases reported in March 2013 • LPAI virus: no clinicalsigns in poultry or waterfowl • Infects humans 40% case fatality rate • Strongseasonality pattern • Onlydetected in China so far

  25. Influenza A(H7N9) - Situation

  26. Influenza A(H7N9) – FAO’s assistance • Technical assistance • Disease intelligence: close monitoring of the situation and of the scientificdevelopments • Publication of bi-weekly updates on the situation • Dissemination of manuals and guidelines • Surveillance • Risk assessment • Risk management • Laboratory protocols • Risk communication • Biosecurity in LBMs

  27. Influenza A(H7N9) – FAO’s assistance • Surveillance in at-risk countries • Longitudinal risk-based surveillance to earlydetect H7N9 incursion in at-risk countries • Partnershipswith national veterinary services • Viet Nam, Lao PDR, Myanmar • Focus on LBMs and poultryaggregation points • No H7N9 virus foundoutside of China so far

  28. Influenza A(H7N9) – FAO’s assistance • Laboratory • Training of laboratorytechnicians • Provision of laboratoryreagents and equipment • Transport of samples to international referencecenters • Epidemiology • Reviewingcontingency plan and SOPs • Simulation exercises • Value-chainstudies to identifycritical control points • Joint risk-assessment

  29. Outline • 2015: An avian influenza year… • Focus on H5N1 HPAI in West Africa • Situation • FAO’s assistance • Focus on Influenza A(H7N9) • Situation • FAO’s assistance • Future prospects for AI control

  30. Future prospects for AI control • Endemic situation in domestic poultry is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future • Increasingly identified as one of many other endemic poultry disease • Multi-dimensional problem • Beyond technical approach (holistic all society approach) • Farming systems and value chains need transformation • Socio-economics, poverty, communication, behaviour, tradition • Increasingly recognized as a global problem • No one country can tackle the disease • Regional and international public good • A concerted global action of all players needed with significant financial and political commitment needed

  31. Risk factors for AI introduction and spread Even if wildbirdsmayplaysomerole (?) in long distance spread and first introduction, the main factorsare: • Legal and illegal trade movements • People servicing / visiting different farms(vets, technicians, foodstuff providers etc.) • Limited biosecurity along the value chain  This is where YOU can make a significant difference! Live bird markets are key control points!

  32. HPAI spreads mostly through the actions of • PEOPLE • BIOSECURITY is a priority • Good farm management practices essential

  33. Thank you!

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