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Low Pathogen Avian Influenza Outbreak

This study delves into the 2002 Low Pathogen Avian Influenza outbreak in Virginia, shedding light on the pathogenesis, history, and response efforts. The outbreak, primarily affecting turkey and chicken farms, resulted in significant bird depopulation and financial costs. Key topics include the epidemiological timeline, organizational roles, surveillance measures, and risk factors. Insights showcase the successful utilization of the Incident Command System and emphasize the necessity of maintaining high biosecurity within the poultry industry.

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Low Pathogen Avian Influenza Outbreak

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  1. Low Pathogen Avian Influenza Outbreak Chrislyn Wood Jennifer Periat

  2. Introduction • WHAT? Low Pathogen Avian Influenza H7N2 • WHEN? March 7 – August 2002 • WHERE? Shenandoah Valley, Virginia • WHY?

  3. Pathogenesis of AI • Viral infection that ranges from asymptomatic infection to acute, fatal disease of chicken, turkey, guinea fowl, and other avian species including migratory waterfowl • Signs include respiratory symptoms, depression, reduced feed and water consumption, severe drop in egg production and hatchability, DEATH

  4. Pathogenesis • Incubation Period: 3-14 days • Highly contagious (100%) • Low Path – low mortality, recover in 3 weeks • High Path – 95% mortality within 24 hrs

  5. History • 1878: Highly pathogenic form first appeared in Italy over 100 yrs ago • 1924-25: First recognized in the US, then again in 1929 • It was eradicated both times • 1983-84: Major northeastern US epidemic • Took more than 2 years and $70 million to eradicate • Approximately 17 millions birds destroyed

  6. History • 1997: Hong Kong: 4500 cases of AI, serotype H5 • 18 HUMAN cases of AI, 6 were fatal • This is the first proof that AI can be directly transmitted to people • Other recent outbreaks

  7. Virginia LPAI Outbreak 2002 • 197 farms affected and depopulated • Mainly commercial turkey farms affected followed by chicken broiler breeders and turkey breeders • Total birds depopulated: 4,743,560 !!!! • $11.3 million to control VA outbreak • $69.7 million indemnity costs to farmers

  8. Virginia Outbreak 2002 • Incidence Command System • Multi- agency system designed to rapidly and efficiently control emergencies • Agencies involved: USDA APHIS VS, VA Dept of Ag, VA Agricultural and Poultry Industry, Health & Human Services, Army Vet Corp, US Forest Service, VMAT, FEMA

  9. Virginia Outbreak 2002 • Organizational Roles and Responsibilities • Field Operations • Financial/Administration • Logistics • Planning/Tech Support

  10. Roles and Responsibilities

  11. Virginia Outbreak 2002 • It’s EPI time!!!! • Index Case • Turkey Breeder Hen Farm east of Harrisonburg, VA • March 7, 2002 : negative antibody blood samples, POSITIVE VI tissue samples • Rebled March 11th – POSITIVE antibody blood samples • March 6th (previous day) two houses of hens transported to second farm …. • Risk Factors ? • Common rendering truck picking up daily mortality

  12. Virginia Outbreak 2002 • Surveillance during outbreak • All breeder flocks tested for antibodies (AGID) every 2 weeks • Flocks of all types - daily mortality tested for virus once a week (VI and RT PCR) • Directogen - primary screening method as outbreak progressed

  13. Summary of LPAI VA Outbreak 2002 • ICS used in animal disease outbreak – SUCCESSFUL OUTCOME / ready for animal disease related bioterrorism attack? • Molecularly similar to H7N2 virus found in PA/NY/NJ – FIND SOURCE!! • Industry must maintain high biosecurity btwn commercial flocks and live bird markets

  14. References • Emergency Education Network’s USDA/FEMA Emergency Preparedness Satellite Seminar: Incident Command System Sept 5, 2002 • USDAPHIS VS Emergency Programs: Avian Influenza Eradication Guide • Poultry Health Handbook – 4th Edition, Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences, 1994. • www.vdacs.state.va.us/animals/avian.html • www.usda.gov • www.usaha.org • www.doacs.state.fl.us/ai/avianinfluenza.htm • www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu

  15. Thank you!Any questions?

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