Innovations and Icons of the Northern Renaissance in Europe

1. The Northern Renaissance I. Northern Europe 1. Germany a. Johann Gutenberg -movable metal type -printing press -mass production of books

2. 2. France a. Francois Rabelais -Writer / Humanist -Gargantua and Pantagruel The title character of Pantagruel, of which this is the oldest extant version, can be traced to a figure in fifteenth-century mystery plays: the sprite of thirst, who incited people to drink by throwing them salt. The book celebrates wine, love, and mortal pleasures. All the coarse passages in this copy were inked out in the sixteenth century.

3. 3. Holland Even an international student exchange between British and continental universities is known as the Erasmus exchange.' The example Erasmus set for students was high. Erasmus was a classical scholar of the highest order. He laboured for many years to construct a source work that others would use to bring the marvels of the Word of God to millions in their native languages - first in German and also in English. a. Desiderious Erasmus -Humanist -Spoke out against ignorance b. Rembrandt -Painter -The Night Watch The Night Watch is misnamed because of a very dark varnish that covered it until the 1940's. It should be titled The Company of Captain Frans Cocq. It is a group portrait of a company of civil guards under the command of Cocq and his lieutenant, Willem van Ruytenburch (in light garb).

4. 4. England a. William Shakespeare -poet / writer -Hamlet -Romeo & Juliet

5. 5. Spain a. Miguel de Cervantes -writer -Don Quixote -comedy -make fun of Middle Ages Somewhere in the great elsewhere there is a higher caller, a nobler ambition. Don Quixote is sure because he's read so in books about chivalry. But aged Quixote is not merely content to read. So he adorns himself in armor, takes up a makeshift lance and rides off to set the world right.