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Understanding DNA: The Blueprint of Life and Its Applications

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the foundation of genetics and exists in every cell's nucleus (except red blood cells). It contains the instructions for building an organism, with each gene representing a specific section of DNA. Watson and Crick discovered the double helix structure in the 1950s, highlighting the importance of nucleotide sequences (sugar, phosphate, and bases) that define individual traits. Studying DNA reveals insights into diseases, helps in criminal investigations, and identifies relationships among individuals, with significant implications in genetics and biotechnology.

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Understanding DNA: The Blueprint of Life and Its Applications

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  1. WARM UP #1 2/28

  2. Ch 12 NOTES #12/18 DNA intro

  3. DNA found in chromosomes in the nucleus of EVERY CELL cell (except red blood cells) Contains all the info to make you Every cell in your body has the same DNA

  4. DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid Each section of DNA is a gene

  5. WATSON AND CRICK Discovered the shape 1950’s DOUBLE HELIX - twisted ladder

  6. NUCLEOTIDES Pieces that make DNA Sugar and phosphate (sides) Bases (middles)

  7. BASES Adenine A pair together Thymine T Cytosine C pair together Guanine G

  8. WHAT MAKES EVERYONE DIFFERENT OR DIFFERENT GENES?

  9. Order of bases makes each DNA different The order will make a protein Protein makes the trait HUMANS = 46 chromo. 3 billion base pairs in every chromosome!

  10. WHY STUDY DNA? 1. Can learn about diseases passed on 2. Can id people 3. Can help solve crimes 4. Can show relatives 5. Can create new better species

  11. Related individuals • DNA has markers that can show relationships. • For instance, S2 (the adopted and non-biological son of MOM and DAD) has different bands than biological kids • While D1, D2, S1 are all biological daughters and sons of MOM and DAD (thou’ they have different mothers or different fathers), their DNA show similar patterns as MOM or DAD do.

  12. Parentage tests • The child (C) will share one band with the biological mother (M) and one band with biological father. • Who is the father of the child?

  13. DNA sample from hair Victim Suspect 1 Suspect 2 Suspect 3 Identify the suspect responsible for the crime out of above evidence

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