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HEPATITIS

HEPATITIS. By: BP. What is Hepatitis?. Hepatitis is characterized as inflammation of the liver. This can occur in people of all ages and can be caused in a variety of different ways depending on the type. Different types of hepatitis are:

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HEPATITIS

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  1. HEPATITIS By: BP

  2. What is Hepatitis? • Hepatitis is characterized as inflammation of the liver. This can occur in people of all ages and can be caused in a variety of different ways depending on the type. Different types of hepatitis are: • Hepatitis A - HAV http://www.yourliveryourhealth.com/310impactOnLiver.aspx • Hepatitis B - HBV • Hepatitis C - HCV Hepatitis A, B, and C are • Hepatitis D - HDV diagnosed the most. • Hepatitis E - HEV

  3. History • 1885 – Discovered that a disease similar to Hepatitis could be passed through blood transfusions. • World War II – Hepatitis outbreaks occur after widespread vaccinations for measles and yellow fever. • 1947- Mac Callum classifies 2 types of hepatitis, Viral Hepatitis A, and Viral Hepatitis B. • 1970 – Dane discovers the Dane particle to complete the HBV particle. • 1973 – the HAV particle is completed. • 1977 – Rizzetto discovers HDV • 1981 – The first vaccination for HBV is created, called Heptavax. • 1983 – HEV is discovered. • 1988 – Chiron group identifies HCV. • Recently scientists believe the virus has always been in us and toxins and unhealthy lifestyles has caused it to emerge.

  4. Causes of Hepatitis Hepatitis A • Contaminated food and water. • Areas of overcrowding and low sanitation. • Contact with an infected person. http://www.faqs.org/health/Sick-V2/Hepatitis.html • 42 000 people were infected with Hepatitis A USA in 2005 and approximately 100 Americans die per year due to this type of hepatitis.

  5. Causes of Hepatitis Hepatitis B & C • Contact with infected blood. • Sharing dirty needles. • Sexual intercourse. • Can be passed from mother to child at birth.http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/virol/hepatitis-virus.htm • Hepatitis B was found to be 100 times more infectious than HIV. • Over 350 million people in the world are infected with hepatitis B and around 1 million die per year because of it. • The HBV virus can live on a dry surface for up to 7 days. • 170 million people in the world are infected with hepatitis C. Out of these cases, 80% of the patients are at risk of contracting long term diseases but 90% of people with HCV cannot afford treatment.

  6. Causes of Hepatitis Hepatitis D • Hepatitis D can only infect those with hepatitis B. • Contact with infected blood • Dirty needles • Sexual contact with an infected person. Hepatitis E • Drinking contaminated water • Major epidemics occur in Asia, Africa, and Mexico.

  7. Who’s at Risk? • Everyone can contract almost all types of Hepatitis, but these people are at higher risk. • Hepatitis A - those in areas of low sanitation. • Hepatitis B - nurses, doctors, dentists, daycare employees. • Hepatitis C - dialysis patients, chronic drug users, hemophiliacs. • Hepatitis D - people that already have HBV • Hepatitis E – those in areas of low sanitation and third world countries.

  8. Symptoms • May have no symptoms, or they could take a week to months to appear. • Fever • Fatigue • Nausea, vomiting • Loss of appetite • Abdominal pain http://www.clarian.org/ADAM/doc/In-DepthReports/10/000036.htm • Jaundice – build up of bile in the blood causing slightly yellow skin and eyes • Dark coloured urine • White coloured stools • Aching muscles and joints

  9. Diagnosis If a person needs to be tested for hepatitis, the following procedures can be performed: Liver functions tests  Determines if there is a problem with the liver, alerting a doctor to test for hepatitis. Blood tests  determines if the patient has the disease and what type it is. Liver Biopsy  identifies the type and severity of the disease

  10. Liver Biopsy: A small incision is made near the ribs on the right side, and then a biopsy needle is inserted to remove a small piece of tissue to be examined. http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/cirrhosis_ez/

  11. Treatments • Limited treatments for viral hepatitis are available. • Hepatitis A usually clears up on its own, leaving the patient immune to future Hepatitis A infections • If you come in contact with someone you know is infected – see your doctor about gamma-globulin injections • Refrain from drinking alcohol or other drugs that could cause strain on the liver. • Injections of Intron A (alpha interferon) are able to control hepatitis A and B as long as the injections are not stopped. • Other drugs to control hepatitis are Roferon and Infergen. • There is no cure for Hepatitis C.

  12. Prevention • Get vaccinated for hepatitis A and B – twinrix vaccination • Hepatitis B vaccinations for all new borns’ • Washing hands after going to the washroom or changing a diaper. • Be cautious when using items other people could have cut themselves on. Who Should Be Vaccinated? • All new born babies • People who engage in unprotected sex with multiple partners or use drugs • People living with an infected person • People whose careers put them in high risk to contact blood.

  13. Future Outlook • Continuing vaccinations for Hepatitis A and B • Research into cures for Hepatitis C – currently it is estimated that the death rate will triple in 10 to 20 years • Developing new forms of medication • Advising people to follow the prevention tips

  14. Works Cited Chang, Tiffany. (1999). The History of Hepatitis. Retrieved April 10, 2008 on the World Wide Web: http://www.stanford.edu/group/virus/1999/tchang/history.htm Dickey, Thomas. (2004). John Hopkins Complete Guide to Symptoms & Remedies. NewYork: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. Griffth, Winter. (2006). Complete Guide to Symptoms, Illness & Surgery. New York: Penguin Group. Hepatitis Foundation International. (2003). The ABC’s of Hepatitis. Retrieved April 5, 2008 on the World Wide Web. www.hepfi.org/living/liv_abc.html Lemon, M. Stanley. (1997). Type A Viral Hepatitis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Prevention. Retrieved April 7, 2008 on the World Wide Web. www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/43/8/1494 MacKay, Douglas. (2005). User’s Guide to Treating Hepatitis Naturally. Laguna Beach: Basic Health Publications. Turkington, Carol. (1998). Hepatitis C The Silent Killer. Chicago: Contemporary Books.

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