Rise to World Power

1. Rise to World Power KIM Chart

2. Expanding Horizons • Essential Question: • Why did the United States extend its influence to other regions in the late 1800s?

3. Expanding Horizons • ***In 1899, Albert J. Beveridge was elected to the U.S. Senate as a Republican from Indiana. A brilliant speaker, Beveridge praised the new strength of the US Navy and called on the country to expand its influence overseas. In a speech in 1900, Beveridge declared: “The Philippines are ours forever…and just beyond the Philippines are China’s (vast) markets. We will not retreat from either…The Pacific is our ocean.” From “In Support of American Empire”

4. American Foreign Policy • American foreign policy guided by a policy of isolationism for 100 years • Non-involvement in world affairs • Eventually, Americans desired an empire abroad and began to favor expansionism – Began expanding South and West • By the late 1800s, the American frontier is gone • Began looking to frontiers abroad

5. Frontiers Overseas • U.S. trades with China and wants to trade with Japan • 1853 – Commodore Matthew Perry sails to Japan with four warships to ask them to open their ports • 1854 - Treaty of Kangawa signed • Opened two ports to United States • Marked the start of greater US involvement in Asia

7. An Age of Imperialism • The late 1800s and early 1900s were called an Age of Imperialism • Driven by the search for materials and markets • Powerful European nations created large empires by gaining economic and political control over weaker nations • Led to competition between European nations

8. Toward an Empire • After the Civil War, Americans wanted to join other world powers and create an empire

9. Toward an Empire • After the Civil War, Americans wanted to join other world powers and create an empire • The Purchase of Alaska • 1867 – Senator William Seward bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million • Called “Seward’s folly” until gold was discovered in 1890’s • Gains statehood in 1912

10. Building Sea Power • During 1880s, the US Navy shifted from sails to steam power and wooden to steel hulls • By early 1900s – US had naval power necessary to support its expanded role in foreign affairs

11. Making Connections • 1. Using the diagram below, discuss the causes and effects of the Treaty of Kangawa • 2. Answer the Essential Question: Why did the United States extend its influence to other regions in the late 1800s? • Increase trade, compete for resources and markets, spread democracy, spread Christianity, show naval power to other countries

12. Babar as Imperialism • “Babar is born like any average pachyderm. He grows up and plays in an idyllic world, along with the other little animals. Nonetheless, this primitive paradise must come to an end once a ‘wicked hunter’ kills Babar’s mother. But even though this initial contact with human adults and their civilization is negative—leaving Babar an orphan—the end result of such destructive activity turns out to be highly beneficial: Babar escapes to the bedazzling city, where fate rewards him with something even greater than what it had taken from him. He comes upon an ‘Old Lady,’ a female figure who takes his mother’s place and eventually adopts him. .. From that moment on, Babar is going to “progress.” • Ariel Dorfman, The Empire’s Old Clothes; What the Lone Ranger, Babar, and Other Innocent Heroes do to Our Minds

13. Babar as Imperialism • “In contrast to his tiny admirers—first they were French, then British, then North American—[Babar] is dealing with a native country that has not evolved along with him and continues to be primitive, tribal, and naked.” • Babar the Elephant King • “Here is Celesteville! The elephants have just finished building it and are resting or bathing. Babar goes for a sail with Arthur and Zephir. He is well satisfied, and admires his new capital. Each elephant has his own house. The Old Lady’s is at the upper left, the one for the King and Queen is at the upper right. The big lake is visible from all their windows. The Bureau of Industry is next door to the Amusement Hall which will be very practical and convenient.”

14. Babar as an Allegory • “those who would burn ‘Babar’ miss the true subject of the books” • “France during the nineteen-thirties was in transition from an old, unashamedly predatory model of imperialism to one that insisted on…the…benevolent gathering of different races into one French commonwealth—and, simultaneously, from a model of work and labor as their own reward to one in which the reward of irksome labor was French family leisure”

16. The first step towards lighteningThe White Man's Burdenis through teaching the virtues of cleanliness.Pears' Soap • is a potent factor in brightening the dark corners of the earth as civilization advances, while amongst the cultured of all nations it holds the highest place -- it is the ideal toilet soap. • Here, Admiral Dewey, who led the Battle for Manila at the start of the Spanish-American War in 1898, is pictured washing with Pears’ Soap

19. Imperialism in the Pacific • Essential Question: Why did the United States expand its role in the Pacific?

20. The Hawaiian Islands • Chains of 8 large islands and about 100 smaller islands – 2,000 miles west of California • 1790’s – Americans and Hawaiians began trading with each other • American and European ships brought devastating infectious diseases to the islands

21. Missionaries and Sugar Growers in Hawaii • 1820 – Christian missionaries establish schools, create a written Hawaiian alphabet and translate the Bible into Hawaiian • 1830s – Sugar plantations established and grow quickly with no US tariff on Hawaiian sugar • 1842 – Hawaii declared independence from US and exports drop quickly • 1891 – American sugar planters overthrow Queen Liliuokalani • 1900 – Becomes a US territory

22. China and the Open Door • China was weakened by the war and lacked industry • No power to resist foreign powers who wanted to exploit their resources • 1890s – Japan and European nations carved out spheres of influence in China • Great Britain • Germany • France • Russia

24. An Open Door to China • US was worried about missing out on profitable trade in China • Secretary of State John hay proposed the Open Door Policy • Each foreign nation in China would have rights to trade with other nation’s spheres of influence

25. The Boxer Rebellion • In 1899, a secret Chinese society, the Boxers, revolted against the “foreign devils” in China, and many foreigners died. The next year, foreign troops defeated the Boxers. • The Boxer Rebellion led to a second Open Door proposal. This version stressed the importance of maintaining China’s independence and respecting its borders. Alarmed by the revolt, the other foreign powers accepted Hay’s policy.

26. Japan • Japanese desire to expand their empire led to war with Russia and conflict with the US • 1904 – Russo-Japanese War begins and exhausts resources of both countries • Theodore Roosevelt met with Japanese and Russian leaders to sign the Treaty of Portsmouth (1905) • Japanese promised to halt expansion but becomes strongest naval power in Pacific • Challenges US in the region

28. Strained Relations • Many Japanese immigrated to US during Russo-Japanese War • 1906 – San Francisco School Board ordered Asian students to attend separate schools • Japanese government protested • Roosevelt forced School board to change its policies if Japan would restrict emigration • Tensions were high and many Americans called for war • By 1909, US and Japan had resolved most of their differences

29. Making Connections • 1. Using the diagram below, describe the relationships of the US with the given locations. • 2. Answer the Essential Question: Why did the Us expand its role in the Pacific?

30. “A Splendid Little War” – The Spanish-American War • Essential Question: • How did the Spanish-American War help the United States become a world power?

31. War Fever • Events in Cuba led to war between the US and Spain in 1898 • Cuban’s bloody struggle against Spanish rule caused concern in the US • Business people concerned about business interests • Government concerned about rebellion occurring to close to the US • US citizens concerned about violence • US newspapers competed to see who could produce the most shocking reports • Yellow Journalism: sensational style of reporting

33. Remember the Maine • President McKinley sent US battleship Maine to discourage rioting in Havana, Cuba • February 15, 1898 – Maine explodes in Havana Harbor • 260 American dead • US blames Spain and calls for war • April 1898 – US recognizes Cuban independence and declares war on Spain

34. War in the Philippines • Philippines were a base for the Spanish fleet • US launched a surprise attack and Filipino rebels helped them take the Philippines • Filipino’s declared independence and expected US support • US debated what to do with them

36. The Rough Riders • A group of former cowhands and college students led by Theodore Roosevelt • US Cavalry Volunteers • Helped capture San Juan Hill in Cuba • Two days later, the Spanish fleet was destroyed • Spanish Puerto Rico was captured and the war ended August 12, 1898

37. Losses in the Spanish-American War • 400 Americans killed in battle • More than 2,000 Americans died of yellow fever, malaria and other tropical diseases • 4 months long • African Americans are discriminated against and are placed in segregated units

38. Acquisitions • Cuba becomes American protectorate • Independent country under the control of another country • Puerto Rico and Guam become territories of the United States • Spain gives Philippines to US for $20 million • The American empire became a reality despite criticism that it was contrary to the democratic values on which the country was based

39. Cuban Protectorate • 1901 – US granted full independence to Cuba with certain restrictions • Cuba is prohibited from making treaties with other countries • US has control of naval base at Guantanamo Bay • US can intervene in Cuban affairs if independence is threatened

40. Rebellion in the Philippines • Control of Philippines caused great debate between US imperialists and anti-imperialists • Filipinos rebelled • 4,000 Americans die • 200,000 Filipino soldiers and civilians dead • US set Philippines up for self rule and granted independence in 1946

41. Making Connections • Explain how some American newspapers contributed to America’s declaration of war against Spain in 1898. • Discuss why some Americans opposed empire building by the United States • Answer the Essential Question: How did the Spanish-American War help the United States become a world power?

42. Latin American Policies • Essential Question: • How did the beliefs of US presidents shape Latin American policies?

43. Panama • US and Europe wanted a canal across Central America to eliminate the long voyage around South America • Connect Atlantic and Pacific Oceans • Panama was a Province of Columbia and an isthmus • Narrow strip of land connecting two bodies of water

45. Revolution in Panama • Columbia would not lease the land to President Roosevelt • United States supported Panamanian revolt against Columbia • Panama declared independence and gave the US a 10 mile strip of land across the country

46. The Panama Canal • Difficult to build due to tropical diseases • Grand Opening – August 15, 1914 • Trips from New York to San Francisco can be made in half the time • Extended American naval power • Guaranteed strong American presence in Latin America

47. Policing the Western Hemisphere • Using its economic and military power, the US policed the Western Hempishpere • Roosevelt: “speak softly and carry a big stick” • Not threats, but action • Roosevelt Corollary • US claimed the right to intervene in Latin American affairs if they seemed unstable • Taft – Dollar Diplomacy • “substitute dollars for bullets” • Intervene if US business interests were threatened • Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy” • Recognized importance of military power and economic interests • Sought to promote democracy and move away from imperialism

48. Making Connections • How did the United States benefit from construction of the Panama Canal? Were there any drawbacks? • Faster path between US coasts • Lowered shipping costs • Presence in Central America • Drawback – many workers died during construction • Answer the Essential Question: How did the beliefs of US presidents shape Latin American policies?