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Ch 10.5 Functional Groups

Ch 10.5 Functional Groups. Definition Functional Groups. Have specific name/formula/structure Carry out specific Rx Have specific characteristics If they contain O, S, N: makes molecule polar, higher MP/BP, soluble in water, liquid/solid at RT

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Ch 10.5 Functional Groups

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  1. Ch 10.5Functional Groups

  2. Definition Functional Groups • Have specific name/formula/structure • Carry out specific Rx • Have specific characteristics • If they contain O, S, N: makes molecule polar, higher MP/BP, soluble in water, liquid/solid at RT • If they contain C and H only: makes molecule non-polar, low MP/BP, soluble in organic solvents, gases at RT

  3. Alk-anes, enes, ynes • Hydrocarbons with single, double, triple bonds • C-C or C=C or C=C • Caution: add enough Hydrogen to fill remaining covalent bonds • CH3-CH3 or CH2=CH2 or CH=CH

  4. Aromatic HC • Molecules containing Benzene rings • substituent called Phenyl

  5. Alcohols • Contain hydroxyl group • - OH Example: Ethanol

  6. Ethers • Oxygen bridge in a carbon skeleton • C-O-C • Example: Diethyl ether

  7. Aldehyde • Contain Carbonyl group: O double bonded to Carbon C=O • located at the end of Carbon skeleton Example: Propanal

  8. Ketone • Carbonyl at a center Carbon Example: Propanone

  9. Amine • Contains Nitrogen • Three different types of amines • Primary – NH2 attached to 1 C and two H • Secondary C-NH-C attached to two C and one H • Tertiary C-N-C attached to three C, no H! C • Raises pH of a solution

  10. Carboxylic Acids • Carboxyl =Alcohol and Carbonyl group at the same carbon • Lowers pH of solution! • Example: Ethanoic Acid

  11. Ester Carboxylic Acid in the center of a molecule Ethyl ethanoate

  12. Amide • Like Carboxyl group, OH replaced by NH2 • Ethanamide

  13. Thiol • Thiol group • -SH • Ethane thiol

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