Skeletal System Overview

1. Skeletal System Overview Chapter 7 p. 192 – p. 204

2. Function of the Skeletal System • Support of body and organs • Protection of soft tissues • Allow attachment of muscles • Housing of blood-producing cells

3. What makes up bone? • Osteocytes with extracellular matrix • Osteocytes are found in lacunae (holes in the bony matrix) • Extracellular matrix is made up of collagen and inorganic salts

4. Types of Bones • Long bones • Short bones • Flat bones • Irregular bones • Sesamoid bones

5. Long Bones • Epiphysis • Articular Cartilage • Diaphysis • Periosteum • Spongy bone • Compact bone

7. Spongy Bone • Trabeculae: branching bony plates • Space between the bony plates allows for cushion

8. Compact Bone • Made up of osteons • Circular units with central blood vessels and nerves • Also called Haversian systems

9. Osteon

10. Volkmann’s Canals

11. Short Bones • Make up hands and feet

12. Flat Bones • Scapula (shoulder blade) • Skull • Ribs

13. Irregular Bones • Vertebrae • Facial bones

14. Sesamoid Bones • Not always a separate category • Round bones • Patella

15. Bone Marrow

16. Bone Marrow • Blood production • Red marrow: produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets • White marrow: fatty tissue

17. Bones under the microscope

18. Osteoporosis

19. Bone Development

20. Bone Development • Hyaline Cartilage • Ossification • Epiphyseal Cartilage (epiphyseal plate)

21. Fractures • Greenstick • Communicated • Transverse • Oblique • Spiral • Compound

22. Fractures

23. Bone Repair • Hematoma forms (blood released from vessels within the bone) • Formation of spongy bone and fibrocartilage • Bony callus • Osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts

24. Functions of the Skeletal System • Support • Protection • Movement • Origin and insertion of muscle • Origin: immovable end of the muscle • Insertion: movable end – during contraction, insertion will move toward the origin