Chapter 3 From Hunters and Gatherers to Farmers

1. Chapter 3 From Hunters and Gatherers to Farmers Ms. Mohamed 6th Grade

2. Students Will Be To • Describe what is known through archaeological studies of the early physical and cultural development of humankind from the Paleolithic era to the agricultural revolution. • Describe the hunter-gatherer societies, including the development of tools and the use of fire. • Identify the locations of human communities that populated the major regions of the world and describe how humans adapted to a variety of environments. • Discuss the climatic changes and human modifications of the physical environment that gave rise to the domestication of plants and animals and new sources of clothing and shelter.

3. Standards • 6.1 Students describe what is known through archaeological studies of the early physical and cultural development of humankind from the Paleolithic era to the agricultural revolution. • Describe the hunter-gatherer societies, including the development of tools and the use of fire. • Identify the locations of human communities that populated the major regions of the world and describe how humans adapted to a variety of environments. • Discuss the climatic changes and human modifications of the physical environment that gave rise to the domestication of plants and animals and new sources of clothing and shelter.

4. GROUP ASSIGNMENT • Students will form groups • Each group must have • A scribe • A reporter • All members are responsible for identifying important information • Each group will be responsible for a sub heading • Each group will read their assigned sub-headings • Each group will identify the important information from the assigned sub-heading • Each group will create a poster a poster to illustrate or list the important information • Each group will present their findings to the class

5. QUESTION • What is one MAJORdifference between the Paleolithic Age and Neolithic Age?

6. ANSWER • One major difference between the Paleolithic Age and Neolithic Age is that in the Paleolithic Age the people hunted and gathered their food and the in the Neolithic Age the people raised animals and farmed. Also during the Paleolithic Age the tools were made of stone where as during the Neolithic Age the tools were more advanced and were made of metal.

7. From Hunters and Gathers to Farmers • Farming was discovered toward the end of the Stone Age. • The name Stone Age comes from the tools the people made of stone. • Historians divide the Stone Age into two parts • Paleolithic Age – old Stone Age • Neolithic Age – new Stone Age

8. Paleolithic Age – Old Stone Age • Began about 2 million years ago. • Lasted until 8000 BCE. • During this time early modern humans developed. • People got their food from hunting wild animals, gathering nuts, berries, and other plants. • They lived their lives out in the open and rarely stayed in one place long.

9. Neolithic – new stone age • Began from 8000BCE and lasted until 3000BCE • During this time people learned to make tools out of metal. • Began when people learned to farm and produce their own food. • Later people learned to raise animals and grow crops. • People settled down and lived in one place. • Shift from hunters and gatherers to farmers was one of the greatest advances people ever made.

10. Neolithic – new stone age • Farming developed in various parts of the world including Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. • Many settlements were located east of the Mediterranean Sea where the land was fertile. • People built towns and villages. • People in settlements were able to build permanent shelters and form larger communities. • They made better tools. • And traded with other people for the resources they needed.

11. Creating a stable food supply • Neolithic age began with the invention of agriculture. • Agriculture – growing crops and domesticating animals. • Early farmers learned how to domesticate animals – raising and using them for their own purposes.

12. QUESTION • How did the people of the Neolithic Age create a stable food supply?

13. ANSWER • The people of the Neolithic Age created a stable food supply by creating their own food source. They raised their own animals and farmed their own crops.

14. Making permanent shelters • People packed mud bricks together to build round or rectangular houses. • Sometimes they added stones and tree branches to strengthen the walls and floors. • Houses had openings high in the walls. • People probably used ladders to reach the openings and enter the house. • There were places to store and cook food.

15. Permanent shelters • Houses gave people protection from harsh weather and wild animals. • Made life more comfortable. • Allowed for new ways of cooking food. • Allowed people to form larger communities.

16. QUESTIONS • Based on the description of the Neolithic homes, draw an illustration that depicts the homes of this period. • What were some advantages to having permanent shelters?

17. Development of new jobs • Having a stable food supply allowed people to develop new jobs. • They could develop more specialized skills. • Focusing on one job allowed them to get better at their work. • The development of different jobs encouraged people to become highly skilled at their crafts. • This led to new and better ways of doing things. • Different jobs created much more variety in community life.

18. Establish communities • Living in communities allowed people to organize themselves more efficiently. • They could divide up the work of producing food and other things they needed. • With basic needs met – they could invent ways to be safer and more comfortable.

19. Beginning to trade • People trade to get the resources they did not have in their own area. • The growth of trade allowed people to make use of more resources. • It brought them in contact with people from distant places. • These contacts helped spread ideas and knowledge around the ancient world.

20. QUESTIONS • How did establishing communities allow the people of the Neolithic age to advance as a people? • Why were the people of the Neolithic Age able to develop new jobs? • How did these jobs enhance their lives? • Why did the people of the Neolithic Age trade? • How did trading contribute to the lives of the people of the Neolithic Age?

21. Worksheet • Chapter 3

22. Videos • From Hunters and Gatherers to Farmers Part 1 • On a separate piece of paper, answer the following prompt: • What connections can you make between the videos and the Chapter 3? • What new information did you learn from the video? • From Hunters and Gatherers to Farmers Part 2 • What did you learn in the video that was not mentioned in the text? • From Hunters and Gatherers to Farmers Part 3 • How did the visual images of the Neolithic Age further inform your understanding of the communities the people built? • What additional information did the video provide about the communities? • From Hunters and Gatherers to Farmers Part 4 • After watching all four parts of this video, write a brief summary about your understanding of the people of the Neolithic Age.