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Cognitive Development: Piaget, Gardner, and Sternberg Theories Explained

Explore Piaget’s Concrete and Formal Operational Stages, Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory, and Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory in cognitive development, including IQ tests, heredity vs. environment impact, learning disabilities, and academic skills development in children.

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Cognitive Development: Piaget, Gardner, and Sternberg Theories Explained

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  1. Chapter 6 Off to School

  2. What were you good at in kindergarten and first grade? How did you learn?

  3. Piaget’s Last 2 stages • Concrete Operational (7 – 11 years of age) • Accepting view as not the only one • Mental operations form • Reverse thinking • Beginning Math* • Limited to “real” things

  4. Formal Operational Thinking • This is what you used to figure out the puzzles. • Deductive reasoning • Consider all sides! • Piaget says that we end cognitive development by 12 to 3 years of age

  5. How did you learn……… in the beginning?

  6. By 7/8 children use the simple strategy of rehearsal. • Repeat, repeat, repeat • Working memory v/s long term memory. • Eventually able to use other strategies. • How do you study today? • Rehearsal • Main points • Outlines • Draw

  7. I am smart therefore I am intelligent. • I scored a 180 on my IQ test, therefore I am smart 

  8. There are those that believe that an IQ test is the only way to determine intelligence. • Others believe that you can be intelligent in some aspects and not others!

  9. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory (g=intelligence) • 9 Intelligences • Linguistic • Logical • Spatial • Musical • Bodily – Kinesthetic • Interpersonal • Intrapersonal • Naturalistic • Existential • Each on different development path • Different parts of brain control • Savants demonstrate this theory

  10. Sternberg’s Triarchic theory • Componential – dependant on cognitive processes (organize and process) • Experiential – applying experience to new situations. • Contextual – environmental/cultural influences.

  11. So, what’s an IQ test like??

  12. Intelligence Tests • First development • Feeble minded from the “select few” • There are many different ones out there now. • Stanford-Binet • Wechsler Scales • Kaufman Scales • These are standard measures • These tests DO NOT directly predict a child’s potential for future learning!!!!!!!

  13. How do I know if the test I use is a good one? • Validity – relates to what is measured • Reliability – repeatable • Culturally fair – reduces biases

  14. The Impact of Heredity & Environment • Heredity • 2 parents with high IQ’s tend to have a child with a higher IQ. • WHY? • Is it biological? • Is it environmental? • Adoption Study • Environment • Characteristics of family/home • Historical Changes • Increase in strategy for economically disadvantaged

  15. Gifted = IQ of greater than 130. OR exceptionally talented in an area (Gardner’s Theory!) • Intelligence is not creativity! • Intelligence – using information to determine (convergent thinking) • Creativity – at times using novel, unusual explanations (divergent thinking) • Intelligence is to creativity as convergence is to divergent thinking

  16. Mental Retardation • IQ below 70 • Types • Organic • Familial • 4 levels of functioning • Mild (90% of pop.) • Moderate • Severe • Profound

  17. Learning disability • Difficulty mastering a particular subject • Normal intelligence* • Not suffering from other condition • DSM identified LD’s • Reading • Mathematic • Written expression • Others Not specified.

  18. Attention Deficit Disorder • 3 to 5% of school aged children are diagnosed • Boys outnumber girls 3 to 1 • 3 symptoms • Overactivity • Inattention • Impulsivity • Multiple treatments today

  19. Academic Skills • READING • Starts with word recognition Dog The Cat Chase Comprehension,ability to extract meaning, comes later -increases as development progresses….. The dog chases the cat.

  20. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z • Before you read you learn to recognize letters. • Remember Letter Day in Kindergarten!!!!! • Working memory makes reading much easier.

  21. Mathematics • Preschool – understand concept… 1, 2, 3, 5 • Kindergarten – able to count (may use fingers) • First grade – able to do simple math in your head • 8 to 9 years old – able to skip steps in math (addition/subtraction) • Gender Differences!!!!

  22. Many concepts have been introduced into the classroom and teachers are now approaching teaching from a different view. • Is current education more/less efficient than it used to be?

  23. Influences on learning • Effective classroom management • Teachers views of their jobs • Mastery of topics encouraged • Active Teaching • Pacing • Tutoring • Teacher Techniques

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