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Responding to the Phenomenon of Global Human Trafficking on Canada’s West Coast

Responding to the Phenomenon of Global Human Trafficking on Canada’s West Coast. What is Human Trafficking?. The transport of human beings for exploitation and profit Global phenomenon that transcends international borders Extreme violation of an individual’s human rights

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Responding to the Phenomenon of Global Human Trafficking on Canada’s West Coast

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  1. Responding to the Phenomenon of Global Human Trafficking on Canada’s West Coast

  2. What is Human Trafficking? • The transport of human beings for exploitation and profit • Global phenomenon that transcends international borders • Extreme violation of an individual’s human rights • 2nd most lucrative source of income for organized crime internationally

  3. UN Definition of Human Trafficking • …the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons... • using force, coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power • …for the purpose of exploitation. UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children. 2000

  4. Definition of Child Trafficking • UNICEF states that: In keeping with the Palermo Protocol, there is no requirement for coercion, force, deception, abuse of power or a position of vulnerability in order for child trafficking to have occurred. Combating Child Trafficking, UNICEF 2005

  5. Exploitation is... • prostitution of others • forced labour • slavery or practices similar to slavery • the removal and sale of organs UN Protocol to Prevent…Trafficking in Persons

  6. Three P’s of Human Trafficking • to Prevent and combat trafficking in persons • to Protect and assist victims respecting full human rights • to Prosecute those who engage in trafficking in human beings

  7. Global Efforts to Address Modern Day Slavery • Most European countries, US and Australia have anti-trafficking legislation. • Numerous International NGOs have developed anti-trafficking campaigns: UNICEF/UNHCR International Organization for Migration International Red Cross International Labour Organization Save the Children Alliance World Health Organization

  8. Trafficking vs Smuggling • Migrant smuggling occurs with the consent of the smuggled person • AND the smuggled person is free to go once the destination is reached • Victims of Trafficking in Persons are not at liberty in their final destination

  9. Who are the Victims? • They are desperate women, men and children looking to escape poverty, war, and violence • Traffickers prosper in poor countries • Trafficked persons may enter a country legally as a: Visitor Student, or with a valid Work Permit • Or they may enter a country illegally using clandestine methods and routes of travel

  10. Identifying a Trafficked Person • Evidence of being controlled • Bruises or other signs of physical abuse • Fear/depression • No passport/identification/documentation • KEY: Exploitation and Loss of Liberty

  11. US Trafficking in Persons (TIP)Report • Annually grades all countries on efforts to address human trafficking • Creates 3 tiers and imposes trade sanctions on those in Tier 3 • Canada Tier 1 for 2006 but criticized for lack of services for TP’s

  12. Canada’s Response to TIP • Immigration and Refugee Protection Act Human Smuggling &Trafficking sections • Criminal Code Trafficking in Persons Offences • Citizenship and Immigration HumanTrafficking Interim Guidelines

  13. BC’s Ministry of Children and Family Development:Migrant Services Program • Established in 1999 following the arrival of boats off BC’s west coast • 134 ‘unaccompanied minors’ traveling without parents or legal guardian • Majority became legal wards of BC’s child protection system

  14. Migrant ServicesProgram • Assumes legal and financial responsibility for all unaccompanied minor children entering BC • Coordinates specialized services: legal guardianship housing education health care legal representation

  15. Ministry of Children & Family Development • Mandated to ensure the safety and well being of BC’s children and youth • Over 9000 children in MCFD care at any one time • 4000 employees providing child protection, guardianship, mental health and youth justice services

  16. Human Trafficking Response Initiative • Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General lead • Extensive network of community agencies • Provincial ministries • Federal jurisdictions • Law enforcement

  17. Referrals in ▪ CIC / CBSA ▪ NGOs ▪ VictimLINK ▪ Law Enforcement ▪ Provincial Government Health Care Community Based Health Care Providers Vancouver Health Authority/Bridge Clinic Housing Safe Houses / Transition Houses / NGOs Lead Agency Overall Care Coordination Trafficked Person Legal Assistance Legal Aid Emergency Income Ministry of Employment and Income Assistance Trauma Counselling/ Victims Assistance NGOs Advisory Group Service Providers Funders / VictimLINK Law Enforcement

  18. Human Trafficking References Guide to the New UN Trafficking Protocol http://action.web.ca/home/catw/attach/un_protocol.pdf WHO Ethical and Safety Recommendations for Interviewing Trafficked Women http://www.who.int/gender/documents/en/final%20recommendations%2023%20oct.pdf U.S. State Department Trafficking in Persons Report – June 2005 http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/47255.pdf Look Beneath The Surface: Community Responses to Human Trafficking in Persons: A Gender Rights Perspective, Briefing Kit http://www.unifem-eseasia.org/resources/others/traffkit.pdf Independent Evaluation Unit: Evaluation of the Global Programme Against Trafficking in Human Beings http://www.unodc.org/pdf/Evaluation_04-Trafficking.pdf

  19. THANK YOU BC’s Human Trafficking Response

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