The Early Cold War

1. The Early Cold War Dr. Kevin B. Witherspoon Lander University

2. Early Cold War Policies • Cold War: 4 fronts • Ideological (Kennan, containment) • Economic (Marshall Plan) • Military (Berlin, Korea, Vietnam) • Cultural (Moscow Fair, Olympics)

3. Early Cold War Policies • Containment* • George Kennan* • “Long telegram” • “X Article” • The Truman Doctrine • Mar. 12, 1947 • U.S. police the world

4. Early Cold War Policies • Marshall Plan • $30 billion for recovery • European unity • Create world markets • Dependence on U.S. • SEATO • NATO: • North Atlantic Treaty Organization • Berlin Air Lift

5. Militarization • 1947 National Security Act • Dept. of Defense • National Security Council • Central Intelligence Agency • USSR atomic bomb 1949 • USA h-bomb 1954 • USSR h-bomb 1955

6. NSC-68 • The state of things • Hard line on communism • Communism = Soviets • USSR bent on world domination • Technology • Policy • Negotiate • Not all defensive • Increase strength • ZERO-SUM

7. The 1950s • Korean War* • China • Mao Tse-Tung, communist • Chiang Kai-Shek • Civil War • Action • Costs of the war: • 4 million Koreans dead • 1 million Chinese dead • 52,000 U.S. dead • $20 million

8. Effects of Korean War* • Ike rise to power • Fueled McCarthyism • Sino-US relations deteriorate • Army enlarged • Militarization • Push for hydrogen bomb • Armistice • Preparedness • War-time budget

9. The 1950s • Dwight D. Eisenhower* • Intelligence and technology • John Foster Dulles • Massive retaliation: • Mutually Assured Destruction • Domino theory

10. The 1950s • Cold War thaw: Ike and Kruschev • “Ping-pong diplomacy” • Cultural exchanges • Weaknesses: • The race issue • Brainwashing • Who’s in charge? • The re-freeze: Sputnik*, 1957 • U-2 spy plane, 1960

11. Kennedy*, the early 1960s • Early policies • Germany • Peace Corps, 1961 • The Bay of Pigs*

12. Kennedy, the early 1960s • The Cuban Missile Crisis*