The Early Cold War: 1947-1970

1. The EarlyCold War:1947-1970 Thanks to Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. 1945 - 1991

3. Copy Down Vocab • Superpower – an extremely powerful and influential nation, both economically and militarily • Containment – U.S. policy to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries • Cold War – the state of diplomatic hostility between the U.S. and Soviet Union • Proliferation – the growth or spread of something such as nuclear weapons • Communism –economic and political belief where everything should be owned by the public

4. Copy Down Vocab • Arms Race – competition between countries to expand the amount of weapons they have • Détente – policy of reducing Cold War tension between the U.S. and SU • Democratization – the process of making a country into a democracy • Nonalignment – nations that remained neutral and did not pick a side in the Cold War • Nuclear Holocaust – annihilation of humanity by nuclear warfare

5. Post-WWII Europe • EQ: How does Europe change after WWII and how does it recover?

7. Post-War Europe • How is Europe after the war? • Devastated by war, 60 million dead (2/3 civilians) • Cities destroyed, famine, and disease • How are the people of Europe? • They are looking for new leadership • Desire stability and peace

9. Europe’s Question:Who will countries look to for leadership?

10. Emergence of Superpowers • Before WWII • There were several great powers: France, Great Britain, Germany, U.S., USSR, Japan • After WWII • United States and Soviet Union (winners of WWII) emerge as superpowers VS

11. Europe is Divided • What happens? • By 1945, Europe is divided between the Soviets in the East and the Western Powers (U.S., GB, and France) in the West • Germany and Berlin are divided • Why does this happen? • Stalin takes over eastern countries for protection against the West.

14. The Iron Curtain • Soviets kept the countries they freed from the Germans • Installed communist govts • No elections, no freedom • It was as if an “iron curtain” divided Europe

16. American vs Soviet Goals U.S. Goals Soviet Goals Encourage communism Control Eastern Europe for protection Keep Germany divided • Encourage democracy • Rebuild Europe to create stability and new markets • Reunite Germany • Stop the spread of communism

17. Allies Become Enemies

18. America’s Challenge • What is America’s challenge? • How to keep the Western European countries democratic and rebuild their economies • What does the U.S. decide to do? • U.S. will give money, aid, food, machines to countries in Europe • This was known as the Marshall Plan • Very successful in helping Europe recover

19. Directions • Complete the Marshall Plan worksheet on the back of the graphic organizer • Answer all of the questions • Turn in when completed for a grade

20. Post-War World: International Cooperation

21. Essential Question • How were the efforts made after WWII at creating a lasting peace more successful than those after WWI?

22. Quick Review of Post-WWI • Germany is severely punished • Creation of League of Nations • U.S. did not join so not powerful • Dictators and Aggression throughout Europe • WWII Begins

23. Allies Debate Post-War World • Need to think beyond Europe • “The Big Three” meet at Yalta in 1945 to discuss post-war plans • The issues discussed: • Germany, reparations, and the formation of international organizations

24. Thinking Internationally • The Allies agree that they need to change how the world works to avoid war, famine, atrocities, etc… • Instead, need to promote peace, security, stability, and tolerance

25. How do we achieve this? • By creating international organizations where countries can cooperate and help one another

26. United Nations • Think of it as a congress for countries around the world • Diplomacy first – talk out your issues before jumping into war • Promote peace and stability • 193 countries are members as of 2013

27. Security Council • This is the leadership branch of the UN • The permanent members of the Security Council have veto power • U.S., Russia, France, Great Britain, and China (winners of WWII)

29. World Health Organization • Branch of the UN • Researches and fights off diseases • Promotes public health around the world

30. World Bank • Goal: fight poverty and increase the standard of living • Provides loans and investments to countries • Schools, electricity, disease control

31. International Monetary Fund • Purpose is to maintain economic cooperation and trade so not to repeat 1930s Depression • Give loans to countries

32. Directions • Use the sheet (front and back) to answer the following questions on the back of your graphic organizer. • The first six questions go with the WWI & WWII Compare & Contrast • The next five questions go with the League of Nations vs UN sheet

33. The Cold War: Strategy and Competition

34. Essential Question • How did Cold War strategies and competition foster conflict?

35. Containment (1947) • President Truman says the U.S. will follow a policy of containment • Contain communism • Use military alliances and economic aid to protect countries

36. Berlin Blockade and Airlift (1948) • Soviets block Western Berlin so U.S. cannot send in supplies • Why? – Soviets want control of all Berlin • Berlin Airlift • Allies/U.S. fly food/supplies into Berlin for 11 months • Stalin backs down

39. Soviets Get Atomic Bomb (1949) • Soviets test their first atomic bomb • U.S. no longer has atomic bomb advantage

40. Formation of NATO (1949) • North Atlantic Treaty Organization is formed • Defensive Alliance against the Soviet Union

41. Korean War (1950 – 1953) • North Korea (communists) invades South Korea • UN puts together force led by U.S. to push them back • Stalemate at 38th parallel • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PcmMtNOVORc • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Uojhwx0k8A

43. U.S. and Soviets Create H-Bomb (1952-1953) • Now it becomes an arms race as to who can develop the deadliest nuclear weapons

44. Nuclear Weapons

45. Soviets Launch Sputnik (1957) • Soviets launch satellite using ICBM (intercontinental ballistic missile) • Americans feel they are falling behind in space • Competition in space

47. Cuban Revolution (1959) • Communists overthrow the American backed dictator in Cuba • Only ninety miles off the coast • U.S. starts plotting invasion

48. Essential Question • How did Cold War strategies and competition foster conflict and communication?

49. U-2 Incident (1960) • U.S. U-2 spy plane is shot down over the Soviet Union and pilot is captured

50. Bay of Pigs (1961) • President Kennedy allows CIA and U.S. military to back Cuban-refugee invasion to overthrow Castro (dictator backed by the Soviets). • Epic fail • Soviets feel they need to protect Cuba