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Mastering Measurement Techniques: Ensuring Quality and Validity in Research Studies

This comprehensive guide delves into the process and product measurement, exploring conceptualization, rules of measurement levels, and composite measures. Learn about the crucial aspects of reliability and validity, as well as the nuanced types of measurement matrices, indexes, and scales. Gain insights into item selection, scale construction, and typologies to enhance your research methodology. Elevate your understanding of measurement techniques and ensure the quality and accuracy of your research endeavors.

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Mastering Measurement Techniques: Ensuring Quality and Validity in Research Studies

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  1. Measurement PROCESS AND PRODUCT

  2. MEASUREMENT The assignment of numerals to phenomena according to rules

  3. Measurement Components • CONCEPTUALIZATION • NOMINAL DEFINITION • OPERATIONAL DEFINITION • MEASUREMENT OF THE ATTRIBUTES

  4. Measurement Quality • RELIABILITY – consistency • VALIDITY – “on target”

  5. Reliability • TEST-RETEST • SPLIT-HALF • ESTABLISHED MEASURES • RESEARCHER-WORKER

  6. Validity • FACE • CRITERION (predictive) - uses behavior • CONSTRUCT - uses theoretical connection • CONTENT - multiple attributes for complex concepts

  7. Rules (Levels) of Measurement • Nominal • Mutually exclusive and exhaustive • Ordinal • First to last/High to low • Interval • Known distance between attributes • Ratio • Absolute zero

  8. Measurement Matrix

  9. Composite Measures • Indexes – accumulation of scores assigned to individual attributes (ordinal measure) • Scales – scores assigned to patterns of responses – often varying in intensity (ordinal measure) • Typologies – summarizes the intersection of two or more variables creating a set of categories or types (nominal measure)

  10. Index • Item selection • Face validity • Unidimensionality • General or specific • Variance • Examination of empirical relationship • Index scoring • Handling missing data • Index validation • Item analysis • External validation

  11. Scale • Scale construction • Takes into account that not all indicators of a variable are equally important or equally strong • Scales • Bogardus social distance • Thurstone scales • Likert scaling • Semantic differential • Guttman scaling

  12. Typology • Uses the intersection of two or more variables – often represented in matrix format • Useful for describing relationships • Useful as an independent variable • Difficult to analyze as a dependent variable when attempting to “elaborate” the relationship

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