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Why Can’t They All Just Pass?

Why Can’t They All Just Pass?. Maximizing Graduation Exam Results through Curriculum Alignment. Presented by Stephanie Hyatt. The Challenges. Students arrive in 9 th grade without requisite skills for core subjects Textbooks are not always aligned with Course of Study objectives

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Why Can’t They All Just Pass?

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  1. Why Can’t They All Just Pass? Maximizing Graduation Exam Results through Curriculum Alignment Presented by Stephanie Hyatt

  2. The Challenges • Students arrive in 9th grade without requisite skills for core subjects • Textbooks are not always aligned with Course of Study objectives • Textbooks are not always aligned with Graduation Exam objectives • Course of Study objectives are not always aligned with Graduation Exam objectives

  3. So what do we teach???

  4. The Solution • Align curriculum to meet a combination of Course of Study objectives and Graduation Exam objectives • Supplement textbooks with technology and rigorous complementary lesson plans

  5. Why this in-service? • Analyze COS minimum requirements • Specify lesson plans and strategies for maximum results • Incorporate research-based strategies into all four core subject areas • Make curriculum planning easier!

  6. FOCUS ON: Math • The Alabama High School Graduation Exam tests students on mathematics skills taught through the culmination of Algebra I (or the combination of Algebra Ia & Ib) with a few questions that are more completely addressed in Geometry.

  7. FOCUS ON: Math 11th grade math exam pass rate is one criteria used to determine a school’s Annual Yearly Progress (AYP)

  8. Warning! Limitation. • Because this in-service is designed to establish correlations between the course of study and the graduation exam, it does not cover every aspect of the course of study! • Teachers should continue to continue to cover all aspects of the COS – even those not specifically addressed by the AHSGE.

  9. Algebra I COS Objective 1/ AHSGE Objective I-1 COS: “Simplify numerical expressions using properties of real numbers and order of operations, including those involving square roots, radical form, or decimal approximations.” AHSGE: Apply order of operations Challenge: None! Direct correlation. Technology-intensive lesson plan: “Just the facts!” http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=23897

  10. Algebra I COS Objective 2/ AHSGE Objective III-1, IV-2, V-2 • COS: Analyze linear functions from their equations, slopes, and intercepts. • AHSGE: III-1. Identify functions. IV-2 Find distance, midpoint, slope, given two points.V-2. Graph lines given certain conditions • Correlation: A number of AHSGE objectives are lumped into this single COS objective. Teachers need to verify that students are comfortable with all aspects of this important objective. • Technology-intensive lesson plan: http://www.nctm.org/standards/content.aspx?id=26790 • Kinesthetic lesson plan for teaching graphing: http://www97.intel.com/en/ProjectDesign/UnitPlanIndex/ChoreographingMath/

  11. Algebra COS Objective 3/ AHSGE Objective III-2 • COS: Determine characteristics of a relation, including its domain, range, and whether it is a function, when given graphs, tables of values, mappings, or sets of ordered pairs. • AHSGE: Find the range of functions • Direct correlation! • Technology-intensive lesson plan: http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=5104

  12. Algebra COS Objective 4/ AHSGE Objective V-4 • COS: Represent graphically common relations • AHSGE: Graph common relations. • Correlation: Direct! • Technology-intensive lesson plan: http://illuminations.nctm.org/ActivityDetail.aspx?id=38

  13. Algebra COS Objective 5/ AHSGE Objectives I-2 & I-3 • COS: Perform operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication on polynomial expressions. • AHGE: I-2. Add & subtract polynomials; I-3. Multiply polynomials. • Correlation: Direct! • Technology-intensive lesson plan: http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=23918

  14. Algebra COS Objective 6/AHSGE Objective I-4 • COS: Factor binomials, trinomials, and other polynomials using GCF, difference of squares, perfect square trinomials, and grouping. • AHSGE: Factor polynomials. • Correlation: Direct! • Small group lesson plan: http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=24082

  15. Algebra COS Objective 7/ AHSGE Objective II-1, II-3, V-3, VII-7 • COS: Solve multi-step equations and inequalities including linear, radical, absolute value, and literal equations. • AHSGE: II-1. Solve multi-step equations. II-3. Solve systems of linear inequalities. V-3. Determine solution sets for inequalities.VII-7. Solve problems: Direct variation. • Correlation: Direct! A very important objective for mastery due to the number of questions on the grad exam. • Technology-intensive lesson plan: http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=23865

  16. Algebra COS Objective 8/ AHSGE Objectives II-3 & II-4, V-1 • COS: Solve systems of linear equations and inequalities in two variables graphically or algebraically. • AHSGE: II-3. Solve systems of linear inequalities. II-4. Solve multi-step inequalities. V-1. Graph linear inequalities. • Correlation: Direct, but complex! This is an important objective with a total of 15 questions on the grad exam. This is an important objective for mastery! • Small group lesson plan: http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=24038

  17. Algebra COS Objective 9/ AHSGE Objective II-2 • COS: Solve quadratic equations using the zero product property. • AHSGE: Solve quadratic equations. • Correlation: Direct.

  18. Algebra COS Objective 11/ AHSGE Objective IV-1 • COS: Solve problems algebraically that involve area and perimeter of a polygon, area and circumference of a circle, and volume and surface area of right circular cylinders or right rectangular prisms. • AHSGE: Find perimeter, area, circumference, and volume. • Correlation: This objective requires the teacher both to teach new material and to review material taught at earlier levels, as the AHSGE specification is at a lower instructional level than the COS objective. • Technology/kinesthetic lesson plan: http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=24025

  19. Algebra COS Objective 15/ AHSGE Objective VII-6 • COS: Estimate probabilities given data in lists or graphs. • AHSGE: Determine probabilities. • Correlation: Direct, although the AHSGE objective is vague. • Small group lesson plan: http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=29364

  20. Geometry COS Objective 3/ AHSGE Objective VII-3 • COS: Verify the relationships among different classes of polygons by using their properties. • AHSGE: Apply properties of similar polygons. • Correlation: Direct. • Technology-intensive lesson plan: http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=23935

  21. Geometry COS Objective 4/ AHSGE Objective VII-1 • COS: Determine the measure of interior and exterior angles associated with polygons. • AHSGE: Apply properties and associations between angles. • Correlation: Direct and/or very similar. • Group project lesson plan: http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=29326

  22. Geometry COS Objective 5/ AHSGE Objective VII-4 • COS: Solve real-life and mathematical problems using properties and theorems related to circles, quadrilaterals, and other geometric shapes. • AHSGE: Apply properties of geometric figures. • Correlation: Direct, but vague. • Student-oriented website: http://agutie.homestead.com/Small group lesson plan: http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=8979

  23. Geometry COS Objective 6/ AHSGE Objective VII-2 • COS: Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to solve application problems, expressing answers in simplified radical form or as decimal approximations, using Pythagorean triples when applicable. • AHSGE: Apply Pythagorean theorem. • Correlation: Direct • Technology-intensive lesson plan: http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=25107

  24. Now for the problem objectives… • Not all AHSGE objectives are covered by the Courses of Study for Algebra I and/or Geometry.

  25. Problem Objective 1: AHSGE VI-1 VI-1 Translate: Verbal/symbolic, Graph: equations, inequalities This particular objective is very vaguely written, presenting a problem for the teacher. How exactly will the student be tested on this objective? The graphing portion of this objective has been covered in other sections of the COS. However, the translation directive is new.

  26. Problem Objective 2: AHSGE Objective VII-5 • Determine measures of central tendency • Although finding mean, median and mode does not appear in the Algebra COS, it is taught in middle school math, and it does appear in our approved textbooks. • Teachers are advised to review this material with students in order to insure that they sufficiently retain the instruction from their middle school classes.

  27. Problem Objective 3: AHSGE Objective VII-8 • Solve problems: Algebraic concepts. • The problem with this objective is found in its vague wording. It is impossible to quantify this objective because it is taught every day in the Algebra I course. • Teachers are advised that by using the adopted textbooks, they are covering this objective.

  28. FOCUS: Reading • Reading is the AHSGE test that no single department “owns” • Traditionally covered within English classes • However, objectives are covered only at a very ancillary level within English COS– most are covered by a single 10th grade English objective! • ALL faculty must take ownership for reading objectives

  29. FOCUS: Reading • Strong readers read at least 6 books each year outside of their classes. • The one thing teachers shouldn’t do: Read FOR the kids. Students must be made responsible for reading. Teachers can HELP them read, but they must read it for themselves. • Students should read and write in ALL courses! • “High School Experiences that Influence Reading Proficiency: What States and Schools Can Do.” Published by the Southern Regional Education Board. www.sreb.org

  30. FOCUS: Reading 11th grade reading exam pass rate is one criteria used to determine a school’s Annual Yearly Progress (AYP)

  31. Warning! Limitation. • Because this in-service is designed to establish correlations between the course of study and the graduation exam, it does not cover every aspect of the course of study! • Teachers should continue to continue to cover all aspects of the COS – even those not specifically addressed by the AHSGE.

  32. AHSGE Reading Objective I-1 • Identify supporting details • COS Correlations : • English 9, Objective 17 -- Use supporting details to present a position and to respond to an argument. • English 10, Objective 3 -- Read with literal and inferential comprehension a variety of informational and functional reading materials, including making inferences about effects when passage provides cause; inferring cause when passage provides effect; making inferences, decisions, and predictions from tables, charts, and other text features; and identifying the outcome or product of a set of directions. • Group work lesson plan: http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/lessonplan.jsp?id=196

  33. AHSGE Reading, Objective I-2 • Determine sequence of events. • COS Correlations : • English 9, objective 3: Read with comprehension a variety of ninth-grade informational and functional reading materials, including recognizing tone and propaganda. • English 10, objective 3: Apply both literal and inferential comprehension strategies, including drawing conclusions and making inferences about characters, motives, intentions, and attitudes in short stories, drama, poetry, novels, and essays and other nonfiction texts. • Students should practice sequencing with literature and news-related reading material in class.

  34. AHSGE Reading Object I-3 • Objective: Follow directions • COS Correlations : • English 9, Objective 3: 3.) Read with comprehension a variety of ninth-grade informational and functional reading materials, including recognizing tone and propaganda. • English 10, Objective 3: Read with literal and inferential comprehension a variety of informational and functional reading materials, including making inferences about effects when passage provides cause; inferring cause when passage provides effect; making inferences, decisions, and predictions from tables, charts, and other text features; and identifying the outcome or product of a set of directions. • Technology-intensive lesson plan: http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=29714

  35. AHSGE Reading Objective II-1 • Identify main idea • COS Correlations : • English 10, Objective 3: Read with literal and inferential comprehension a variety of informational and functional reading materials, including making inferences about effects when passage provides cause; inferring cause when passage provides effect; making inferences, decisions, and predictions from tables, charts, and other text features; and identifying the outcome or product of a set of directions. • Group work lesson plan: http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/lessonplan.jsp?id=196

  36. AHSGE Reading Objective II-2 • Draw conclusions. • COS Correlations: • English 10, Objective 1: Apply both literal and inferential comprehension strategies, including drawing conclusions and making inferences about characters, motives, intentions, and attitudes in short stories, drama, poetry, novels, and essays and other nonfiction texts. • Ideas for teaching the concept: http://www.brighthub.com/education/k-12/articles/58033.aspx

  37. AHSGE Reading Objective II-3 • Determine cause and effect. • This particular objective does not appear in the high school COS, so the teacher will have to supplement, preferably at both the 9th and 10th grade levels. • Use graphic organizers to help students recognize cause and effect relationships in their reading: http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/multimedia/multiple-causes-and-multiple-effects-diagram/ • Additional tips for teaching cause and effect can be found here: http://www.suite101.com/content/cause-and-effect-lesson-plan-a88924

  38. AHSGE Reading Objective II-4 • Propaganda: Differentiate fact from opinion. • COS Correlations: • English 9, Objective 3: Read with comprehension a variety of ninth-grade informational and functional reading materials, including recognizing tone and propaganda. • English 10, Objective 4: Recognize fallacious or illogical thought in essays, editorials, and other informational texts. • Group work lesson plan: http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=27914

  39. AHSGE Reading Objective II-5 • Recognize summary statements. • COS Correlations: • English 9, Objective 13: Demonstrate paraphrasing, quoting, and summarizing of primary and secondary sources and various methods of note taking. • English 10, Objective 1: Apply both literal and inferential comprehension strategies, including drawing conclusions and making inferences about characters, motives, intentions, and attitudes in short stories, drama, poetry, novels, and essays and other nonfiction texts. • Methodology: GIST • http://www.readwritethink.org/classroom-resources/lesson-plans/gist-summarizing-strategy-content-290.html

  40. AHSGE Reading Objective III-1 • Recognize logic and arguments. • COS Correlations: • English 9, Objective 3: Read with comprehension a variety of ninth-grade informational and functional reading materials, including recognizing tone and propaganda. • English 10, Objective 4: Recognize fallacious or illogical thought in essays, editorials, and other informational texts. • Cross-curricular lesson plan: http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=10209

  41. AHSGE Reading Objective III-2 • Analyze literary elements • COS Correlations: • English 9, Objective 2: Compare the use of language and literary elements and devices, including rhythm, rhyme scheme, tone, and plot, in various selections, cultures, and genres. • English 10, Objective 2: Identify and interpret literary elements and devices, including analogy, personification, and implied purpose. • These objectives are core to the English curriculum and should be taught on a daily basis as literature is introduced.

  42. AHSGE Reading Objective IV-1 • Determine meaning of words • COS Correlations: • English 9, Objective 6: Determine word meaning in world literature selections using word analysis and context clues. • English 10, Objective 6: Determine word meaning in pre-twentieth century American literature using word structure and context clues. • Teachers are encouraged to teach Latin and Greek roots, to teach direct vocabulary, and to model determining meaning within context. • Additional technology resource: www.vocabulary.com

  43. AHSGE Reading Objective IV-2 • Preview and Predict • COS Correlations: • English 10, Objective 3: Read with literal and inferential comprehension a variety of informational and functional reading materials, including making inferences about effects when passage provides cause; inferring cause when passage provides effect; making inferences, decisions, and predictions from tables, charts, and other text features; and identifying the outcome or product of a set of directions. • Research-based lesson plan: http://www.readwritethink.org/classroom-resources/lesson-plans/focus-first-lines-increasing-834.html

  44. AHSGE Reading Objective IV-3 • Discern organizational patterns • COS Correlations: • English 9, Objective 1: Identify genre, tone, and plot in short stories, drama, and poetry and identify organizational structure in essays and other nonfiction text to comprehend recreational reading materials. • Introduce graphic organizers and literary maps to encourage students to recognize patterns: http://www.readwritethink.org/materials/lit-elements/index.html

  45. AHSGE Reading Objective IV-4 • Demonstrate reference material usage • COS Correlations: • English 9, Objective 14: Use the research process to locate, select, retrieve, evaluate, and organize information to support a thesis on a nonliterary topic. • Technology-intensive lesson plans: • http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=5680 • http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=11193

  46. FOCUS: Language • Most language objectives do not appear on the high school course of study • However, most high school students have not effectively mastered the grammatical concepts necessary for passing this exam. • Teachers will find themselves reviewing middle school material in order to insure that students pass this particular exam.

  47. FOCUS: Language • Unfortunately, the language exam tests grammar in exactly the way teachers are told not to teach it by such bodies as the National Council of Teachers of English. • Since the test emulates traditional workbook instruction, this instruction should be used but it should be coupled with the types of lessons promoted by the NCTE in such resources as Grammar Alive!

  48. AHSGE Language Objective I-1 • Identify correct noun forms • COS Correlation: • English 9, Objective 11: Identify … correct forms of compound nouns, including singular, plural, and possessive forms • Research-based lesson plan: http://www.readwritethink.org/classroom-resources/lesson-plans/manipulating-sentences-reinforce-grammar-248.html

  49. AHSGE Language Objective I-2 • Identify correct verb forms • COS Correlation: • English 9, Objective 11: Identify … correct number and tense in verb forms, including regular and irregular verbs • Research-based lesson plan: http://www.readwritethink.org/lesson_images/lesson248/manipulating.pdf

  50. AHSGE Language Objective I-3 • Recognize subject-verb agreement • COS Correlation: • English 9, Objective 12: Apply the correct use of subject-verb agreement with collective nouns when verb forms depend on the rest of the sentence; with compound subjects, including those joined by or with the second element as singular or plural; and with the subjunctive mood. • NCTE Demonstration: “Slicing the Apple” (found in Grammar Alive!) • Kinesthetic lesson plan: Body Diagramming

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