Colonization of North America

1. Colonization of North America

2. SEARCH FOR WESTERN SEA ROUTES COLONIAL EMPIRES ARE ESTABLISHED CONVERT UNBELIEVERS TO CHRISTIANITY AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE ESTABLISHED IN THE AMERICAS COLONIZATION MERCANTILISM RELIGIOUS FREEDOM DESTRUCTION OF NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY

5. A • B • C • D Which reason contributed to King Henry VIII leaving the Catholic Church? The Pope would not grant him a divorce from his wife. B. The Pope would not allow him to marry multiple wives. C. The Pope would not allow him to impose the death penalty. D. The Pope would not make him a saint.

6. A person entitled to inherit the property or rank of another King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife Catherine as she could not give him an heir to the throne Pope Clement VII, head of the Roman Catholic Church, refused to grant the divorce As a result, Henry left the Catholic church and created the new Church of England with himself in charge AKA the “Anglican Church”

7. A Divided Church King Henry the Eighth, to six wives he was wedded: One died, one survived, two divorced, two beheaded

12. Spanish Armada • A • B • C • D Who was the ruler of England when the Spanish and English were at war in the 1500s? King James Queen Elizabeth Queen Mary King Philip II Butkus

13. The Spanish Armada Grande y Felicisima Armada (Great and Most Fortunate Navy)

15. Spanish Armada Trading rivalries and religious differences pushed England and Spain toward war for years: English adventurers, such as Sir Francis Drake, attacked Spanish ships and ports

16. Spanish Armada Trading rivalries and religious differences pushed England and Spain toward war for years: King Phillip II of Spain, very powerful and deeply religious, wanted to put a Catholic ruler on the throne of England

17. Spanish Armada Trading rivalries and religious differences pushed England and Spain toward war for years: He did not consider his sister-in-lawElizabethto be the legitimate ruler of England

18. Pope Sixtus Vsupported Phillip against Elizabeth

19. Spanish Armada The Spanish planned invasion of England: The Spanish fleet, led by the Duke of Medina Sedonia, was composed of 130 ships, 8,000 sailors, and 18,000 soldiers with over 2,500 guns

20. Spanish Armada The Spanish planned invasion of England: On land, 30,000 soldiers awaited the arrival of the armada to cover their crossing by barge to attack London The Duke of Parma was in command of this Spanish army

21. Spanish Armada

22. Spanish Armada

23. Spanish Armada

24. Spanish Armada

25. Spanish Armada

26. Spanish Armada

27. Only half of the Spanish Armada fleet returned back home to Spain with an estimated 20,000 dead

28. Spanish Armada

29. Spanish Armada Aftermath of the defeat of the Spanish Armada… England gained control of the seas and Spain could not stand in the way of English colonization of the New World

31. England Plants Colonies

32. England Plants Colonies The first attempt at a British colony was by Sir Humphrey Gilbert, who claimed Newfoundland for Queen Elizabeth in 1583 Unfortunately, Gilbert died at sea before he could establish a settlement His ship, the HMS Squirrel, sank because it was overgunned

33. The Lost Colony of Roanoke Sir Walter Raleigh established the first colony on Roanoke Island, off the coast of North Carolina The first group of settlers returned to England after a difficult winter In 1587, Raleigh sent 91 men, 17 women, and 9 children back to Roanoke led by John White

35. The Lost Colony of Roanoke White returned to England for supplies, and could not return immediately due to the war with Spain When he did return three years later, all of the colonists had disappeared

36. The Lost Colony of Roanoke The only clue was the word “Croatoan” carved on a gate-post White unable to conduct a search since a massive storm was brewing and his men refused to go any further. The next day, they left…

37. Jamestown Settlement In 1606, several groups of merchants sought charters from King James I in order to establish colonies in North America charter  a document that gives the holder the right to organize settlements in an area

38. Jamestown Settlement The Virginia Company, a joint-stock company, established Jamestown, the first permanent English colony joint-stock company  a company in which investors buy stock in the company in return for a share of its future profits

40. Jamestown Settlement Captain John Smithhelped the company survive its first two years Relations with Native Americans improved after colonist John Rolfe married Pocahontas, the daughter of Chief Powhatan

41. Jamestown Settlement In 1624, King James canceled the charter and made Jamestown England’s first royal colony in America

42. charter colony  Colony established by a group of settlers who had been given a formal document allowing them to settle royal colony  Colony run by a governor appointed by the king or queen proprietary colony  Colony that is privately owned and funded

43. England Plants Colonies • A • B • C • D The colony of Virginia began to prosper due to which crop? Wheat Corn (maize) Tobacco Squash Twinkies

44. New England Colonies

46. New England Colonies: Religious Freedom Many people in England were unhappy with the Anglican Church, dissented, and then were persecuted for their beliefs St. John’s Church of England Cathedral dissent  disagreement with or opposition to an opinion

47. New England Colonies: Religious Freedom Two groups of religious dissenters: The Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican Church were called Puritans Separatists who wanted to leave and set up their own churches were called Pilgrims

48. New England Colonies: Religious Freedom They were called Pilgrims because their journey had a religious purpose (pilgrimage)

49. New England Colonies: Plymouth (MA) William Bradford The Pilgrims were led by?

50. New England Colonies: Plymouth (MA) Mayflower Compact  a formal document, written in 1620, that provided law and order to the Plymouth colony