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BAG-1 : An Open Ocean Mesocosm Deployment December 1 st – 15 th 2011

BAG-1 : An Open Ocean Mesocosm Deployment December 1 st – 15 th 2011. Daniela Böttjer on behalf of the Bag-1 team University of Hawai’i: School of ocean and earth science and technology & Center for microbial oceanography: research and education.

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BAG-1 : An Open Ocean Mesocosm Deployment December 1 st – 15 th 2011

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  1. BAG-1: An Open Ocean Mesocosm DeploymentDecember 1st – 15th 2011 Daniela Böttjer on behalf of the Bag-1 team University of Hawai’i: School of ocean and earth science and technology & Center for microbial oceanography: research and education Enhanced Ocean Upwelling Symposium November 2011

  2. University of Hawaii IFM GEOMAR Oregon State University UC Santa Cruz • David Karl • Matthew Church • Grieg Steward • Steve Poulos • Blake Watkins • Karin Björkman • Tara Clemente • Ken doggett • Eric Grabowski • Chris Schvarcz • ShimiRii • David pence • jenny mowatt • Daniela Böttjer • Ulf Riebesell • Klaus von Bröckel • Andrea Ludwig • Matthias Fischer • Jan Czerny • Jan Büdenbender • Detlef Hoffmann • Ricardo Letelier • Angelique White • Katie Watkins-Brandt • ZbigniewKolber • Sasha Tozzi Enhanced Ocean Upwelling Symposium November 2011

  3. Outline • why are mesocosm studies important? • c-more & ifmgeomar collaboration • bag-1 timeline • bag-1 objectives • future bags Enhanced Ocean Upwelling Symposium November 2011

  4. Why are mesocosm studies important ? • Potential drawbacks: • Bottle effect • Exclusion of rare organisms 60 000 L 1 L 20 L Bottle Carboy Mesocosm Open ocean Increasing volume Enhanced Ocean Upwelling Symposium November 2011

  5. collaboration between c-more & ifmgeomar • KOSMOS: kiel off-shore mesocosms for future ocean simulations • Part of a European network of mesocosm facilities (mesoaqua) • Prototype was designed in 2005 • Since 2007 several full-scale field applications • 2011 First open ocean test off hawaii Spitsbergen 2010 Proper Baltic 2007/2008 Bergen 2011 Hawaii 2011 Enhanced Ocean Upwelling Symposium November 2011

  6. planning of BAG-1 Container Shipped back to Kiel Arrival geomar assemble team Departure Return Container Arrival HNL 3 mesocosms Shipped out of Kiel Arrival Cruise Participants 1st BAG conference c-more proposal submission disassembling Preparation for container shipment assembling of 3 mesocosms bag-1 cruise 2004 July 2011 September 2011 November 2011 December 2011 January 2012 Enhanced Ocean Upwelling Symposium November 2011

  7. Bag-1 objectives Engineering objectives Scientific objectives Study the effects nutrient additions on surface ocean plankton communities and processes The successful deployment, maintenance (~10days) and recovery of 3 mesocosms in the open ocean Image courtesy U.Riebesell Enhanced Ocean Upwelling Symposium November 2011

  8. Engineering Objectives I Bag statistics • length: 17m • diameter: 2m • volume: 60 000L • material: Polyurethane • Frame: Fiberglass • + Sediment trap Image courtesy IFM GEOMAR Enhanced Ocean Upwelling Symposium November 2011

  9. Engineering Objectives II rv ka imikaiokanaloa Enhanced Ocean Upwelling Symposium November 2011

  10. Science Objectives I study the response of surface ocean plankton Communities to the addition of deep-water nutrients Ocean next to BAGs BAG-A BAG-B BAG-C Surface Seawater only Surface Seawater + Nitrate + Silicate + Trace metals + Vitamins Surface Seawater + Nitrate + Phosphate + Silicate + Trace metals + Vitamins Surface Seawater Enhanced Ocean Upwelling Symposium November 2011

  11. Science Objectives II • Nutrients: Nitrite, nitrate, phosphate & silicate • Particulates: carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus & • silicate • Plankton enumeration: phyto- & zooplankton, • flow cytometry, viruses, dna/rna • Photosynthetic parameters: frrf, • pigments: Fluorometricchl-a, hplc • Gases: N2O, O2, CH4, DMS, CO2, O2/Ar • Rate measurements: Primary production, • Bacterial production, Respiration, • Microzooplankton grazing, Sediment fluxes Daily sampling with depth-integrated sampler Image courtesy EPOCA Enhanced Ocean Upwelling Symposium November 2011

  12. Science Objectives III Treatments for deck-board incubations 1) Surface Seawater (control) 2) Surface Seawater + N, Si, Trace metals, Vitamins 3) Surface Seawater + N, P, Si, Trace metals, Vitamins 4) Surface Seawater +ALOHA Deep water (1000m) 20L 10L 1L small-scale vs. large-scale Enhanced Ocean Upwelling Symposium November 2011

  13. Prospective Establish open ocean mesocsoms in hawaii for future bag expeditions • Future bag expeditions… • Deployment further offshore (station aloha) • Increase the number of mesocosms deployed • vary the type of perturbations (e.g. co2) Thank you very much for your attention Enhanced Ocean Upwelling Symposium November 2011

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