THE CONSTITUTION

1. THE CONSTITUTION

2. They were mostly wealthy and opposed anarchy. • They supported the Constitution.

3. Federalists

4. They were mostly commoners who were afraid of strong central government and being taken advantage of. • They did not want the new Constitution because it would infringe upon state rights.

5. Anti-federalists

6. One of the main opponents of the Constitution, he worked against its ratification in Virginia.

7. Patrick Henry • (1736-1799)

8. He was opposed to the Constitution until the Bill of Rights was added, and then he supported it.

9. Sam Adams

10. He opposed the Constitution because it didn’t protect individual rights. • His opposition led to the inclusion of the Bill of Rights.

11. George Mason

12. __ farmers opposed the Constitution because they felt it protected trade more than agriculture, but it became the 6th state to ratify.

13. Massachusetts

14. It was opposed to the Constitution. • The Federalist Papers were published there to gain support for it.

15. New York

16. These 2 states would not ratify until the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution.

17. Virginia and New York

18. This collection of essays explained the importance of a strong central government. • It was published to convince New York to ratify the Constitution.

19. The Federalist Papers

20. Authors of the Federalist Papers.

21. Jay, Hamilton, Madison

22. This essay from the Federalist Papers proposed setting up a republic to solve the problems of a large democracy (anarchy, rise of factions which disregard public good).

23. "The Federalist #10"

24. The first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guarantee basic individual rights.

25. Bill of Rights • 1791

26. He established many of the presidential traditions, including limiting a president's tenure to two terms. • He was against political parties and strove for political balance in government by appointing political adversaries to government positions.

27. George Washington

28. The first Vice-President • He had little say in Washington’s administration.

29. John Adams

30. Created the federal court system • It allowed the president to create federal courts and to appoint judges.

31. Judiciary Act, 1789

32. A leading Federalist, he supported industry and strong central government. • First Secretary of the Treasury • He created the National Bank and managed to pay off the U.S.’s early debts through tariffs and the excise tax on whiskey.

33. Alexander Hamilton

34. A leading Democratic-Republican, he was Secretary of State • He opposed Hamilton’s ideas. • Washington tended to side with Hamilton, so this man resigned.

35. Thomas Jefferson

36. He had served as Secretary of War under the Articles of Confederation. • He stayed on in that capacity as part of Washington’s cabinet.

37. Henry Knox

38. He submitted the Virginia Plan at the Constitutional Convention. • He succeeded Jefferson as Sec. of State. • In 1795 he resigned from office after being falsely accused of receiving money from France to influence Washington’s administration against Great Britain.

39. Edmund Randolph

40. Designed to pay off the U.S.’s war debts and stabilize the economy. • Programs included the creation of the National Bank, the establishment of the U.S.’s credit rate, increased tariffs, and an excise tax on whiskey. • The federal government should assume debts incurred by the states during the war.

41. Hamilton’s Program

42. Designed to raise revenue for the federal government. • It resulted in a government surplus.

43. Tariff of 1789

44. It would save the government’s surplus money until it was needed. • It would also stabilize the currency.

45. Bank of the U.S.

46. Taxes placed on manufactured products. • The one on whiskey helped raise revenue for Hamilton’s program.

47. Excise taxes

48. A document submitted to Congress, which set up an economic policy to encourage industry.

49. Report on Manufactures

50. Section 8 of Article I contains a long list of powers specifically granted to Congress.