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Understanding Life's Diversity: Evolutionary Trees and Taxonomic Systems

Explore evolutionary trees depicting shared derived characteristics, the Linnaean taxonomic system, and the unique traits of kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and more.

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Understanding Life's Diversity: Evolutionary Trees and Taxonomic Systems

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  1. The Diversity of Life Chapters 2, 3

  2. Objectives • Be familiar with an evolutionary tree • Be familiar with the Linnaean taxonomic system of classification • Recognize the different Kingdoms of Life • Describe the unique characteristics of each kingdom

  3. Evolutionary Trees • Evolution is observable change in an organism over time • Evolutionary trees depict relationships between organisms over time • Where branches meet, two or more organisms shared a common ancestor

  4. Evolutionary Trees • Evolutionary trees depict shared derived (evolved difference) characteristics • Derived differences allow us to distinguish different groups of organisms

  5. Classification • Taxonomy is a branch of science that attempts to organize the many diverse forms of life • Linnaean system is most widely used • Carolus Linnaeus1707-1778

  6. Taxonomic Categories • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Class Mammalia • Order Primates • Family Hominidae • Genus Homo • species sapiens • King Phillip Could OnlyFindGerman shepards Kingdom level is most general while species level is most specific

  7. The Three Domains andSix Kingdoms of Life • Based on DNA evidence three Domains are recognized • Shared derived characteristics enable these domains to be broken into six Kingdoms

  8. Bacteria and Archaea • Kingdom Bacteria • Prokaryotic: no organelles • Often disease causing • Archaea • Prokaryotic • Extremophiles • Live in weird habitats like hot springs and super cold environments

  9. Protista • Diverse group of eukaryotic organisms • Most protists are unicellular. • Protist groups are predominately organized by feeding method plus other unique characteristics.

  10. Plantae • Multicellular eukaryotes with at least a tissue level of organization • Cell wall • Autotrophic by photosynthesis; use chlorophyll a & b • Store food reserves as starch • Terrestrial (evolved on land).

  11. Fungi • Multicellular eukaryotes • Feed as heterotrophs by absorption (Saprotrophic) • Body called mycelium made up of hyphae • Sexually reproduce via spores (resist drying out)

  12. Animalia • All multicellular • Heterotrophic nutrition by ingestion • Diploid adult • Reproduction is usually sexual • Embryonic development often used to taxonomically classify animal groups

  13. Animal Body Plans

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