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Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I. aka “The virgin queen” and “Gloriana”. Early years. She was considered a bastard most of her life but she excelled at her studies and was said to be very clever and intelligent Probably believed, due to her fathers infamy, that women where disposable once married to a man

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Elizabeth I

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  1. Elizabeth I aka “The virgin queen” and “Gloriana”

  2. Early years • She was considered a bastard most of her life but she excelled at her studies and was said to be very clever and intelligent • Probably believed, due to her fathers infamy, that women where disposable once married to a man • When her father died, her brother Edward became king for a short time until his death 6 years later from illness

  3. Bloody Mary Tudor • Became queen in 1553 • Devoutly catholic and saw her protestant sister Elisabeth as a threat • Imprisoned her sister briefly for plotting against her • Burned around 300 “heretics” in her four year reign • Died of stomach cancer in 1558

  4. Accession • Elizabeth became queen regent at age 25, and relied heavily on trusted advisors, such as William Cecil • Was popular with the people, especially protestants

  5. Religion • Headed the English Protestant church and was more tolerant of other religious believes than her sister Mary • Thought Catholicism would die out eventually on its own • Made church attendance and reading of the bible mandatory

  6. The Arts • She was herself a poet and writer • Theater, painting, and architecture thrived under her reign • She attended Shakespeare first showing of a midsummer nights dream

  7. suitors • Was expected and pressured to marry by common and noble alike • Although she had many suitors, she never married. • Her husband would have been made king, and she would have no longer been ruler of her country • Some speculated she was infertile, sick, or psychologically averse to a sexual relationship • She never had an heir and was the last Tudor to rule England

  8. Love • Elizabeth and her childhood friend, Robert Dudley were said to be very close and probably in love • When Roberts wife Amy died suspiciously, scandalous gossip made the match unfavorable in the eyes of the people

  9. Love • Robert secretly married Lady Lettice Knollys in 1578 and is banished from court • After her death, a letter from Robert was found in her jewel box, with “his last letter” written in her hand

  10. Voyages and trade • Elizabeth sanctioned voyages to the Americans, often benefiting from the pirating of Spanish ships • Established the East India trading company • She herself never stepped outside of England • Advocated the slave trade and sent Captains to acquire them

  11. Mary Stuart: queen of Scotts • Mary, Elizabeth's cousin, was seen by many as true catholic queen and rightful heir to the English crown • Queen Mary had a son, James VI, King of Scotland, • She fled to England in 1568 only to be imprisoned by Elizabeth for 19 years

  12. Mary's execution • Letters written by Mary associated her with a plot to kill Elizabeth • Although originally apposed to it, Elizabeth agreed to have Mary executed in1587 • People of noble blood were usually executed by beheading, whereas commoners were hanged

  13. War • There were many unsuccessful plots to over through and assassinate the queen • War with Spain and dissension throughout France, Scotland, Ireland, and the Netherlands • Northern England was in rebellion • Poverty and sickness were prevalent at times, especially in the country

  14. Spanish Armada • England was weak militarily and needed the heir and alliance that a marriage would provide • Instead of fleeing for safety when the Spanish sailed to defeat England and kill her, she addressed her troops on the front lines • The Spanish Armada of 132 ships was defeated by the English fleet of 34 ships and 163 armed merchant vessels in 1588

  15. Poor laws • In 1601 the queen established poor laws that charges parishes for providing for the deserving poor (widows, orphans, disabled, blind, and elderly) • The undeserving poor (beggars, stealers, vagrants) could be whipped or forced into a workhouse

  16. Death of the queen • Elizabeth dies in 1603 of blood poisoning • James IV of Scotland (Mary Stuart’ son) becomes king of England • She ruled for 45 years

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