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The Spread of Islam

The Spread of Islam. What happened after the death of the prophet?. The First Four Caliphs. What is a caliph ? Caliph or “deputy” refers to the Islamic rulers after the death of Muhammad. Abu-Bakr is the first Caliph (632-634 C.E.). The first four Caliphs expand the Islamic empire.

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The Spread of Islam

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  1. The Spread of Islam What happened after the death of the prophet?

  2. The First Four Caliphs • What is a caliph? • Caliph or “deputy” refers to the Islamic rulers after the death of Muhammad. • Abu-Bakr is the first Caliph (632-634 C.E.). • The first four Caliphs expand the Islamic empire. • Caliphs have both religious and civil authority.

  3. The Islamic Empire, 632-711 C.E.

  4. Abu-Bakr, the First Caliph (632-634 C.E.) • Known as the Sahabah- senior companion. • Father-in-law of Muhammad. • Later known as Al-Siddiq(The Truthful). • Kept recently converted Muslims from dispersing. • Extended Islamic empire to the Red Sea.

  5. Umaribn al-Khattab, the Second Caliph (634-644 C.E.) • Succeeded Abu Bakr on August 23, 634 C.E. • Expanded Islamic empire to include the Sassanid Persian Empire and more than two thirds of the Eastern Roman Empire. • Executed firm political and administrative control. • Major conquests include: Syria, Egypt, Damascus, and Jerusalem.

  6. UthmanibnAffan, the Third Caliph (644-656 C.E.) • Best known for forming the committee which compiled the basic text of the Qur’an as it exists today. • Expanded empire into Fars (present-day Iran), Khorasan (present-day Afghanistan) and Armenia.

  7. Ali ibnAbiTalib, the Fourth Caliph (656-661 C.E.) • Initially refused role of Caliph. • Dismissed several provincial governors, some of whom were related to Uthman. • Moved capital from Medina to Kufa. • Caliphate (position and reign of the Caliph) coincided with the First Fitna- a Muslim civil war over who had the legitimate right to the caliphate.

  8. Conquest after the First Fitna • Tunisia, 661 C.E. • Iberian Peninsula, except for the northern third, 711 C.E. • Sind, the southern Indus Valley, 711 C.E.

  9. Please stand up… 10 second DANCE PARTY! GO!!!

  10. Vocabulary Review • Caliph: “deputy”, have religious and civil authority. • Sahabah: senior companion. • Al-Siddiq: The Truthful. • Qur’an (Koran): holy scripture of Islam. • Caliphate: position and reign of the Caliph. • First Fitna: a Muslim civil war over who had the legitimate right to the caliphate.

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