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The Spread of Islam

The Spread of Islam. - Muhammad died in 632. Problem? - Abu-Bakr is elected as the first caliph. (Successor or deputy) -Abu-Bakr and the next three caliph’s known as the “rightly guided”. Expansion. Armies grew stronger as the conquered lands became part of the military.

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The Spread of Islam

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  1. The Spread of Islam -Muhammad died in 632. Problem? -Abu-Bakr is elected as the first caliph. (Successor or deputy) -Abu-Bakr and the next three caliph’s known as the “rightly guided”

  2. Expansion • Armies grew stronger as the conquered lands became part of the military. • Continued successes • Jihad, religious beliefs

  3. Why the Success? • Highly organized/loyal/religious armies • Attacking weak Byzantine/Persian empires

  4. Muslim Toleration • Why did many societies welcome invading Muslims? • liked lack of clergy, liked religion, oftentimes treated with more toleration. • They also allowed conquered peoples to continue to hold prestigious positions.

  5. Internal Conflict • Umayyad set up a hereditary system and changed the capital to Damascus. Why? • Spread into Spain/Europe.

  6. Ummayad Mosque in Damascus

  7. The Split • Shiite group resisted the ruling party and felt that the caliph needed to be a relative of Muhammad. • Sunni group did not overly resist the Umayyad, felt successor should be a pious Muslim.

  8. Impact on Middle Ages • While Islam threatened Europe, the Church was growing as well. War inevitable? • Also influenced learning/advances in Dark Ages.

  9. Architecture

  10. Abbasids • Helped to overthrow the Umayyad in 750, and murder all of the family. • Changed capital to Baghdad for economic, political, geographic reasons. • Created vast bureaucracy run by Arabs.

  11. Quick expansion due to military. Chief rival to Byzantine Empire and threat would cause Crusades. Seljuk Turks

  12. New Civilization • Trade and expansion. Common currency/$ make it easy. • Common language, religion, enemies led to new unity and urbanized society.

  13. Cities • With trade came cities and advances.

  14. Large # of slaves Stratified society Harsh treatment of women Society

  15. Arts and Sciences • Al-Razi and medicine/location • Scientific experimentation • Mathematic advancements (al-jabr) • Astronomy • Literature • art • Building off of others ideas

  16. Cultural diffusion led to advances Arabesques Architecture

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