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World War I – The war to end all wars?

World War I – The war to end all wars?. How did WWI start?. Binding alliances that Washington warned us about Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria killed by Serbian terrorists Austria declares war on Serbia Russia declares war on Austria Germany declares war on Russia and France

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World War I – The war to end all wars?

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  1. World War I – The war to end all wars?

  2. How did WWI start? • Binding alliances that Washington warned us about • Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria killed by Serbian terrorists • Austria declares war on Serbia • Russia declares war on Austria • Germany declares war on Russia and France • Britain declares war on Germany

  3. But what about us? • At first, we were neutral, and tried to sell weapons to both sides. • Rise of German U-Boat activity (Unterseeboot) • Unrestricted submarine warfare • May 1915- Lusitania (128) • Germany- “Our bad” • Aug 1915- Arabic (2) • Germany- “JK, we’ll be good” • March 1916- Sussex (0, several wounded) • Germany- “Ok, no more sinking merchant ships!” ;) • Zimmerman Note • Feb 1917

  4. A War of Firsts • First National Draft • 200,000 poorly equipped volunteers before the draft • First American Soldiers Fighting in Europe • By the end of the war, 2 million American soldiers served in the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) • First African-American Officers • White and Black soldiers were segregated • 369th Regiment (all African- American)– fought so fiercely, were nicknamed the “Hell Fighters” by Germans

  5. New weapons • Machine Guns • Maxim, M1917 Browning • Railroad Gun • Shelled Paris from 81miles away • Poison Gas • Chlorine, Mustard Gas • Tank • Very slow, “heavily” armored • Airplane • biplanes

  6. The Red Baron • German fighter pilot • Top “ace” of WWI with 80 air combat victories • Shot down and killed on April 21, 1918

  7. New tactics • Old- Mass Bayonet Charge • Cavalry and artillery support • New- Trench Warfare • “No Man’s Land” • Storm-troopers • Walk behind giant shield • Tank advances

  8. Trench Warfare

  9. Poison Gas

  10. How does it end? • Early 1918- Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Russia and Germany • Sept 1918- Meuse-Argonne Offensive • Final Allied offensive • Wanted to cut German supply/communication lines • More than 1 million US troops involved • Armistice (truce) signed Nov 11, 1918 “stop shooting” • Treaty of Versailles (1919) actual peace treaty • Casualties (Deaths) Central- 15,404,477 Allied- 22,062,427

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