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Chapter 3 Grammar

Chapter 3 Grammar. VERBS. What Do I Need to Learn From this Lesson?. How endings are used with verbs in Latin How to find the stem of a verb – the part endings are added to…. How to identify which person or thing ‘is’ or is doing an action

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Chapter 3 Grammar

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  1. Chapter 3 Grammar VERBS

  2. What Do I Need to Learn From this Lesson? • How endings are used with verbs in Latin • How to find the stem of a verb – the part endings are added to…. • How to identify which person or thing ‘is’ or is doing an action • Be aware of ‘which’ person is meant by 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person. • Recognize the importance of subject-verb agreement in understanding Latin (and English)

  3. What Do You Know - Endings in Latin • What do you know about endings in Latin? • What are they used for? • What types of things do they tell us?

  4. Which Person are We Talking About? • 1st person – the person speaking (I, we) • 2nd person – the person spoken to (you, you) (or in ‘southern speak’, the plural of you is y’all) • 3rd person – the person or thing spoken about singular – he, she or it plural - they

  5. Verbs • What are the 2 things that verbs show us? Puellae bonae laborant. Terra est dura. • How do we define the predicate? • The verb can be the entire predicate or there can be other parts included, such as a direct object. • Verbs also tell us the time (or tense) something is done. Right now, we are learning the present tense.

  6. Finding the STEM of the verb • 4 principal parts of a verb • Amo, amāre, amāvi, amātus • 1st principal part is = 1st person singular, present tense • 2nd principal part = infinitive • Remove the –re from the end of the infinitive to get the stem of the verb. Amā is the stem of the verb which means love or like.

  7. Latin – Endings Used to Show Person SINGULAR PLURAL I - ō we -mus you -s you -tis he, she, it -t they -nt *Adding all of these endings to a verb is called conjugating the verb.

  8. How to Conjugate the Verb that Means ‘Love’ or ‘Like’ Endings are added to the ‘stem’ of the verb SINGULAR PLURAL amōamamus amasamatis amatamant *Read Latin words straight down the left column, then the right one!

  9. SINGULAR PLURAL I like amō we like amamus you like amas you like amatis he,she, or it likes amat they like amant

  10. EXAMPLES • Puellae insulam amant. • Familiam amamus. • Agricola puellam portat. • Laboro. • Silvam spectatis.

  11. How Do We Find the ‘Stem’ of the Verb • Look at the verbs in Lesson III • What is the first word? What does it tell us? (Look at Verb Personal Endings Chart) • What is the 2nd ‘form’ of the word? This is the infinitive form of the verb. • We use the 2nd word in the book to get the stem to which we add endings (except 1st person singular). To get the stem, drop the –re ending from the 2nd form of the verb. Add the endings to that stem to get the chart shown in the previous slide.

  12. Things to Think About…. • Subject-Verb Agreement • Puellae bonae laborant. Puella bona laborat. • Use of pronouns – English vs Latin • Tell an English ‘story’ – subject named 1 time • Latin-same thing but where do you find pronouns? • Subject not always ‘named’. • Carefully read sentence – look for subject where? • Equum spectamus. Puellae equum spectant.

  13. Did I Learn This From Today’s Lesson? • How endings are used with verbs in Latin • How to find the stem of a verb – the part endings are added to…. • How to identify which person or thing ‘is’ or is doing an action • Be aware of ‘which’ person is meant by 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person. • Recognize the importance of subject-verb agreement in understanding Latin (and English)

  14. Your Language Notebook • Complete the vocabulary section and summarize the grammar section, including any charts! • Be sure you bring your notebook and any classwork (or homework if not finished in class) to class every day. There will be a notebook check sometime soon!

  15. Ticket Out the Door • How do I know which person or thing ‘is’ or is doing something by paying attention to the personal endings on Latin verbs? Give examples!

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