Chapter 11

1. Chapter 11 From Internet to Information Infrastructure

2. Internet Applications: Communication and Connection • Search engines are designed to make it easier to find information on the Web. • web crawlers or spiders --software robots that systematically search the web • meta-search – conduct parallel searches using several different search engines and directories

3. Search Engines • Some search engines use keywords and Boolean logic to conduct searches

4. Search Engines • Other search engines allow searches by using a hierarchical directory or subject tree

5. Portals • Web entry stations that offer quick and easy access to a variety of services. • Consumer portalsincludes search engines, email services, chat rooms, references, news and sports headlines, shopping malls and other services • Corporate portalson intranets serve the employees of particular corporations • Vertical portalsare targeted at members of a particular industry or economic sector

6. Email on the Internet • What appears on the screen depends on the type of Internet connection you have and the mail program you use. • Popular graphical email programs include Eudora, Outlook and Netscape Communicator.

7. Email on the Internet • Email formats include: • ASCII text--can be viewed by any mail client program • HTML--displays text formatting, pictures, and links to Web pages

8. Mailing Lists & Network News • Mailing listsallow you to participate in email discussion groups on special-interest topics. • A newsgroupis a public discussion on a particular subject consisting of notes written to a central Internet site and redistributed through a worldwide newsgroup network called Usenet

9. Real-Time Communication • Users are logged in at the same time. • Instant Messaging for exchanging instant messages with on-line friends and co-workers • Internet telephony (IP telephony) for long-distance toll-free telephone service • Videoconferencing for two-way meetings

10. Rules of Thumb: Netiquette • Say what you mean and say it with care. • Keep it short and to the point. • Proofread yours messages. • Learn the “nonverbal” language of the Net. • Keep your cool. • Don’t be a source of spam (Internet junk mail). • Lurk before you leap. • Check your FAQs. • Give something back.

11. Emoticons • :) Happy person • :( Sad person • :-) Happy person with a nose • :-( Sad person with a nose Bizarre Emoticons • >8-O-(&) Person just realizing that he or she has a tapeworm • :---( Person who is sad because he or she has a large nose • .-) Person who can still smile despite losing an eyeball • ~oE]:-| Fisherperson heading for market with a basket on his or her head containing a three-legged octopus that is giving off smell rays http://www.randomhouse.com/features/davebarry/emoticon.html • ;-) Person winking • :-D Person laughing • :-| Person feeling so-so • :-o Shocked person

12. Push Technology • The Web was built with pull technology—browsers on client computers “pull” information from server machines. • Browser asks for information • With push technology, information is delivered automatically to the client computer. • New product descriptions • Automatic software upgrades • Updated news

13. Peer-to-Peer and Grid Computing • Peer-to-Peer (P2P) computing - users share music, movies, and other files without going through a central directory. • Grid computing- anyone can plug in from anywhere and rent processing power and software from anywhere on the Net

14. Intranets, Extranets and Electronic Commerce • Intranetsare self-contained intra-organizational networks that offer email, newsgroups, file transfer, Web publishing and other Internet-like services. • Firewallsprevent unauthorized communication and secure sensitive internal data

15. Intranets, Extranets and Electronic Commerce • Extranetsare private TCP/IP networks designed for outside use by customers, clients and business partners of the organization. • electronic data interchange (EDI) - a decade-old set of specifications for ordering, billing, and paying for parts and services over private networks

16. Intranets, Extranets and Electronic Commerce • Electronic commerce involves business transactions through electronic networks. • Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce- transactions that involve businesses providing goods or services to other businesses • Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce- transactions that take place on the Internet, rather than an extranet, because consumers don’t have access to private extranets

17. Web Services • Web services involve new kinds of Web-based applications that can be assembled quickly using existing software components • Examples: • plug a shopping-cart component into an existing Web site • design applications that can be accessed through a variety of Web-enabled devices

18. The Evolving Internet • Internet2launched by the government and various corporations in 1998 to provide faster network communications for universities and research institutions. • Next Generation Internet (NGI),will consist of a nationwide web of optical fiber integrated with intelligent management software to maintain high-speed connections.

19. Internet Issues: Ethical and Political Dilemmas • Filtering software to combat inappropriate content • Digital cash to make on-line transactions easier and safer • Encryption software to prevent credit card theft • Digital signatures to prevent email forgery

20. Internet Everywhere: The Invisible Information Infrastructure • Blurring of the boundaries between the Web and interpersonal communication applications • A variety of Internet appliances, network computers, set-top boxes, PDAs, mobile phones, and other devices connected to the Internet in offices and homes “In the future, everything with a digital heartbeat will be connected to the Internet.” • Scott McNealy, CEO of Sun Microsystems