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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. Classification and Supervision in Probation and Parole. Introduction. Supervision is an officer’s oversight of clients committed to his or her custody Probationers nationwide: 60%-direct sentence to probation 30%-suspended sentence 9%-split sentence

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6 Classification and Supervision in Probation and Parole

  2. Introduction • Supervision is an officer’s oversight of clients committed to his or her custody • Probationers nationwide: • 60%-direct sentence to probation • 30%-suspended sentence • 9%-split sentence • Most sentenced for drug or alcohol violation • 77% men/23% women • 55% white/31% African American/12% Hispanic/2% Native American or Asian/Pacific Islander

  3. Neighborhood-Based Probation Supervision • In NBS, probation officers are in the community more than the office and engage community groups as partners and collaborators • Emphasis is on public safety • Probation officers are community organizers • NBS and traditional probation supervision share involvement in surveillance and development of prosocial behaviors

  4. The Surveillance Function in Probation • Supervision requires the officer to: • Notify the offender of the conditions and consequences for noncompliance • Provide surveillance to ascertain compliance • Methods of surveillance include: • Unannounced and announced visits • Curfew • Electronic monitoring • Phone verifications • Graduated sanctions • Collection of urine samples for drug testing

  5. Developing Prosocial Behaviors • Supervision must address the barriers that result in recidivism and assist in positive behavioral change, such as: - building on an offender’s strengths - assisting with employment - integrating family as informal social controls

  6. Classification: The First Step in Supervision • Classification requires the probation officer to: • Use an objective assessment scale to compute the risks posed by the offender • Identify offender needs requiring intervention • Select appropriate supervision strategies • Highest priority is placed on identifying risks that would jeopardize public safety

  7. Classification: The First Step in Supervision, cont. • Actuarial Risk Assessment • The LSI-R, CMC and COMPAS are among the available assessment tools • The LSI-R includes static and dynamic factors • Identifying Treatment Needs - The officer identifies those characteristics, conditions or behaviors that limit motivation and may lead to criminal behavior

  8. Classification: The First Step in Supervision, cont. • Identifying Treatment Needs, cont. • Treatment needs include drug or alcohol abuse, mental illness, anger management or education or vocational deficiencies • The officer identifies treatment activities to address the needs and bring about law-abiding behavior

  9. Classification: The First Step in Supervision, cont. • Developing the Case Plan • Supervision issues addressed in the plan may involve: • Conditions imposed by the court • Risk control • Treatment

  10. Classification: The First Step in Supervision, cont. • Levels of Supervision • Most classification systems use the traditional categories of maximum, medium and minimum • The categories specify the smallest amount of contact requirements • Factors of contacts include: • Type of contact • Location of contact • Frequency of contact

  11. Classification: The First Step in Supervision, cont. • Caseload and Workload Standards - A caseload is the number of individuals or cases one officer can effectively supervise - The more intensive the supervision, the lower the caseload - The APPA recommends a workload standard of 120 hours per month - The workload standard concept is preferable to allow for comparison, research and interpreting work to legislators and others

  12. Specialized Caseloads • Specialized Caseloads have proven to be effective for: • Drug offenders • Gang members • Sex offenders • Offenders with mental illness • About 5% of probationers and parolees are classified under a “special” caseload

  13. Interstate Compacts on Probation • The original compact was signed in 1937 by 25 states and was ratified by all states by 1951 • The Interstate Compact for Juveniles was established in 1955 • The Interstate Compact for Adult Offender Supervision began in 2000 • Under provisions of the compact, there is no requirement for an extradition hearing

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