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Unit 2 Early Mississippi

Unit 2 Early Mississippi. Major Tribes: Natchez, Choctaw, & Chickasaw. Natchez Indians. - 1682 Cavalier & LaSalle -4,000 -Great Sun (top of social structure) -villages along loess bluffs of the MS River -mounds (Emerald Mound) -enemies of the French (Ft. Rosalie). Natchez Indians.

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Unit 2 Early Mississippi

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  1. Unit 2Early Mississippi

  2. Major Tribes: Natchez, Choctaw, & Chickasaw

  3. NatchezIndians - 1682 Cavalier & LaSalle -4,000 -Great Sun (top of social structure) -villages along loess bluffs of the MS River -mounds (Emerald Mound) -enemies of the French (Ft. Rosalie)

  4. Natchez Indians Emerald Mound Loess Bluffs in Natchez overlooking the MS River

  5. Choctaw Indians • 20,000 in 1700 • Peaceful & agrarian • Located in central & southern MS • Usually allied with the French • 1st encountered by DeSoto • Had the most land of all Indians in MS

  6. Choctaw Indians

  7. Chickasaw Indians • Located in North Mississippi • 4,500 • Hunters & warriors • Allies of the English • Forced to move to OK in 1800’s

  8. Chickasaw Indians

  9. Minor Tribes: Biloxi, Pascagoula, Tunica, & Yazoo

  10. Biloxi Indians -located on the Gulf Coast -<500 -city of Biloxi was named after them -eventually settled in Oklahoma

  11. Pascagoula Indians -”bread people” -allies of the French -located on the Gulf Coast

  12. Tunica Indians • 1,500 in 1698 • Allies of the French • South bank of the Yazoo River • Active slave traders • Later re-located to Louisiana

  13. Yazoo Indians • On the Yazoo River, just north of Vicksburg • Anti-French • Virtually destroyed by the Choctaw • Died out by the 1800’s

  14. Spain, France, & England European Explorers & Occupation

  15. Spanish Explorers • Landed in 1539 (Tampa, FL- DeSoto) • Reached the MS River in 1541 • DeSoto died in 1542, buried on the banks of the MS River

  16. French Explorers Lasalle/ Cavalier: • Reached the mouth of the MS in 1682 (LaSalle) • Claimed the area for France & named it Louisiana Iberville: • Went on to Ship Island in 1699, later went to shore looking for the river • Established Ft. Maurepas 1699 (Biloxi Bay) • Established Natchez in 1716, New Orleans 1718 Bienville: • Bienville became governor in Mobile • “Casquette girls”

  17. Ship Island & Biloxi Bay Casquette Girls

  18. Natchez District • Part of the Louisiana Province • Well-populated (710, 280 were slaves) • Major center of trade on the MS River • Black Codes (1724) -prohibited separation of spouses -children under 14 couldn’t be separated from parents -freed slaves became French citizens

  19. 1763-1783 English Occupation

  20. English Territory • Gained the territory through the Treaty of Paris 1763 from the French (32 degree parallel- Vicksburg) • The territory was called British West Florida • Population grew quickly • Main crop became cotton • Treaty of Paris 1783-gave the new U.S. former British territory in, except for Natchez (Spain claimed it)

  21. 1783-1795 Spanish Occupation

  22. Spanish Territory • Population increased in Natchez due to land grants offered by the Spanish • Cotton continued to grow as an important crop • Population increase, and the increased importance of cotton brought large numbers of slaves to the area • In 1798 the Spanish left Natchez for New Orleans • Natchez is now a part of the United States

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