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Cold War Chronicles: United States vs. USSR

Explore the roots of the Cold War, the political and economic fronts of the USA and USSR, the containment policy, atomic weapons deadlock, Marshall Plan, Berlin crisis, and the formation of military alliances.

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Cold War Chronicles: United States vs. USSR

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  1. Chapter 28 Section 2 The Cold War Begins

  2. Roots of the Cold War • United States vs USSR • Cold War – Competition for global power and influence between 2 remaining superpowers USA and USSR • Political and Economic Fronts • USA • Democratic government • Individual Freedom • Capitalist Economy • USSR • Communist Theories • State-run Economy • One-Party Rule (Bolsheviks) • Suppression of Religion • Use of force to crush opposition

  3. Roots of Cold War continued • Soviet • Expansionism • Baltic States • Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania • Poland • Romania • Buffer Zone • Satellite Nations • Countries under Soviet control • https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Mm0yQg1hS_w • Churchill • Iron Curtain • “Iron Curtain has descended across the Continent” • George Kennan – US State Department Official • Containment • Restricting expansion of Soviet Communism

  4. Deadlock over Atomic Weapons • US presidential adviser Bernard Baruch • Special Energy Agency • Known as Baruch Plan • Impose penalties on countries that did not follow international rules • USSR rejects all inspection and enforcement provisions • Tests 1st atomic bomb in 1949 • Start of Nuclear arms race • US Response • Atomic Energy Act– August 1946 • Created Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) • Promote peacetime use of atomic energy • Oversee nuclear weapons research

  5. Containment Around the World • Truman administered a more aggressive foreign policy • US containment policy • Policy of US to support free peopes who are resisting attempted conquest by armed minorities or outside pressures • TRUMAN DOCTRINE • $400 million in aide to Greece & Turkey • Mediterranean • Greece • Civil War – Communists vs. Monarch • Turkey • USSR wanted to control Dardanelles

  6. Containment Around the World Continued • Europe • Economies in shamblesafter WWII • George C. Marshall • Born Uniontown PA • Truman asks congress for 17 billion in aid • Communists overthrow government of Czechoslovakia • Marshall Plan • 17 billion in economic aid for Europe • Marshall wins Nobel Peace Prize in 1953

  7. Crisis in Berlin • Non-Soviet sections of Berlin grow stronger because of Marshall Plan • Support formation of Western German government • Berlin Airlift • June 24th, 1948 Soviets block • Roads • Canals • Railways • Shipments of food/supplies • Western leaders response • For 10 months American and British planes • Drop 2 million tons of food • Embarrassed Soviet Union • Ends May 1949 • Republic of Germany – West Germany (USA, FR, BR) • German Democratic Republic – East Germany (USSR)

  8. The Western Alliance • Military Alliances • Nato • 9 Western European Powers • USA • Canada • Iceland • 1951 – Dwight Eisenhower = Supreme Commander • Warsaw Pact • Communist countries of Eastern Europe

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