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Organic Chemistry

Explore the basics of organic chemistry including hydrocarbons, nomenclature, and combustion reactions. Learn about alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, isomerism, and more in this informative guide.

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. Organic Chemistry Writing Net Ionic Equations for Combustion Reactions

  2. Organic Chemistry • Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. • The type of bonding in organic compounds is covalent with little polarity. • Organic compounds are often nonpolar and therefore insoluble in water.

  3. Hydrocarbons • Hydrocarbons are compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon. • Saturated hydrocarbons consist of only single bonds. • Unsaturated hydrocarbons consist of at least one double or triple bond.

  4. Nomenclature

  5. Classifying Hydrocarbons • Hydrocarbons are classified into three major groups: • Alkanes • Alkenes • Alkynes

  6. Alkanes • Alkanes consist of only single bonds and are therefore saturated hydrocarbons. • The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2 • When naming alkanes, the suffix –ane is added to the appropriate prefix.

  7. Examples of alkanes • CH4 • C2H6 • C8H18

  8. Alkenes • Alkenes consist of at least one double bond and are therefore unsaturated hydrocarbons. • The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n • When naming alkenes, the suffix –ene is added to the appropriate prefix.

  9. Examples of Alkenes • C3H6 • C5H10 • C8H16

  10. Alkynes • Alkynes consist of at least one triple bond and are also examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons. • The general formula for alkynes is CnH2n-2 • When naming alkynes, the suffix –yne is added to the appropriate prefix.

  11. Examples of Alkynes • C4H6 • C7H12 • C8H14

  12. Other hydrocarbons • Many hydrocarbons form rings instead of chains. • One of the most important classes of these compounds is the aromatic hydrocarbons. • The simplest of the aromatics is benzene, C6H6.

  13. Isomerism • Isomerism occurs when two molecules have the same molecular formulas but different structural formulas. • In other words, the two molecules have the same atoms but different bonds. • For example, C4H10 can be a straight chain or a branched chain molecule. • Due to London Dispersion forces, the longer the straight chain, the higher the melting and boiling points.

  14. Reactions • Combustion reactions are the most common type of organic reaction. • Combustion reactions occur when a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen, producing water and carbon dioxide. • CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O

  15. 10 Which of the following is an alkane? • C4H8 • C5H12 • C6H10 • C6H6

  16. 10 Which of the following is the formula for butene? • C4H6 • C4H8 • C4H10 • C4H12

  17. 10 Which of the following contains at least one triple bond? • C7H10 • C7H12 • C7H14 • C7H16

  18. 10 Which of the following indicates the hybridization of the carbon atoms in C2H2? • sp • sp2 • sp3 • sp3d • sp3d2

  19. 10 Which of the following does not contain pi bonding? • Propane • Propene • Propyne • All contain pi bonding

  20. 10 Which of the following will have the highest boiling point? • Octane • Hexane • Butane • Propane

  21. 10 Which of the substances listed below will exhibit hydrogen bonding? • Butane • Butene • Butyne • None of the above

  22. 10 Which of the following formulas represents benzene? • C4H8 • C6H12 • C2H4 • C6H6

  23. 10 Which of the following contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms? • Alkyne • Alcohol • Aldehyde • Carboxylic Acid

  24. 10 Which of the following formulas represents butanol? • CH3CH2CH2CH3 • CH3CH2COCH3 • CH3CH2CH2CHO • CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

  25. 10 Which of the following formulas represents butanone? • CH3CH2CH2CH3 • CH3CH2COCH3 • CH3CH2CH2CHO • CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

  26. 10 Which of the following represents butane? • CH3CH2CH2CH3 • CH3CH2COCH3 • CH3CH2CH2CHO • CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

  27. 10 Which of the following substances does not contain pi bonding? • Propanol • Propene • Propanal • Propanone • Propyne

  28. 10 Which of the following pairs of compounds are isomers of each other? • Pentane and pentene • Pentanol and pentyne • Pentanoic acid and pentane • Pentanal and pentanone

  29. 10 Which of the following substances listed below will exhibit hydrogen bonding? • Butane • Buntanone • Butanal • Butanoic acid • Methyl butanoate

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