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National Forest Programme Country Case Vietnam

National Forest Programme Country Case Vietnam. Workshop Enhancing the NFP process of Kenya Nairobi, 28 – 30 June 2005. Some basic facts. Land area 331.123 km 2 Population 80.9 million, growth rate 1,2%, density 244 / km 2 , 75% in rural areas, 25 million depending directly on forest

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National Forest Programme Country Case Vietnam

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  1. National Forest Programme Country Case Vietnam Workshop Enhancing the NFP process of Kenya Nairobi, 28 – 30 June 2005

  2. Some basic facts • Land area 331.123 km2 • Population 80.9 million, growth rate 1,2%, density 244 / km2, 75% in rural areas, 25 million depending directly on forest • Forest area 12 million ha (2004 est.) • Demand for forest products: about 4 million m3 p.a. roundwood, >30 million m3 p.a. fuelwood, bamboo, rattan, other products • Logging quota in natural forest 200.000 m3 p.a. (2004) • Contribution of forest sector to GDP about 1% • Export value forest sector: >1 bln USD (2004) of a total export value of 20 bln • 80% of processed timber imported • Employment (est.) 250.000 in processing industry, many more in forest production

  3. Some history and milestones • 1975 end of Vietnam War, reunification of North and South • Since December 1986 Doi Moi Policy: opening up, shift from subsidy-based, centrally planned control towards market economy • 1988 Land Law (revised in 1993, 1998): boost in agricultural production • 1991 Forest Protection and Development Law • 1992 new Constitution, further emphasis on renovation • 1992 VFAP concluded, emerging donor support • 1993 revised Land Law: forest land allocation programme started • 1993 New forest policy orientation, “Regreening“ Programme 327 • 1997 Five Million Hectare Reforestation Programme launched • 1999 Donor-Government Partnership for the 5MHRP launched • 2001 Forest Sector Development Strategy FSDS 2001-2010 • 2001 MoA for Forest Sector Support Programme FSSP & Partnership • 2003 revised Land Law allows land allocation to communities • 2004 new Forest Law allows community-based forest management

  4. How did that affect forest area?

  5. Vietnam’s National Forest Programme … what is it? • Five Million Hectare Reforestation Programme (5MHRP) • National Forest Development Strategy (2001-2010) • The new National Forest Strategy (2006-2020) • Law on Forest Protection and Development 2004 • Policy reforms Vietnam's NFP?

  6. let’s have a look … at Vietnam’s major programme in the forest sector:The Five Million Hectare Reforestation Programme

  7. The Five Million Hectare Reforestation Programme – Main objectives environmental: • Establishing and restoring 2 million ha of protection forests and 3 million ha of production forests to increase the forest cover to 43% by 2010, to ensure environmental protection requirements economic: • Ensuring the forest products supply for development (every year 15 million m3 of timber and 20 million steres of fuel wood), thereby reducing the pressure on natural forests social: • Poverty alleviation, hunger eradication and development of rural mountainous areas, by creating forestry-related employment for 2 million people, increasing the income of people living in forest areas

  8. The Five Million Hectare Reforestation Programme – Main strategies • Encourage household forestry and community forestry, mainly by land allocation • Provide financial support for management of protection forests and special use forests, and favourable loans for development of production forests • Adopt benefit-sharing policies to encourage people in implementation of the programme • Strengthen capacities through training and extension activities • Encourage joint-ventures and foreign investment in plantation forest by tax benefits and land use rights, especially in remote areas • Provide technical support and conduct technology transfer, with state-owned forest enterprises as the main forces

  9. The Five Million Hectare Reforestation Programme – achievements/constraints • 2 million ha of improved forest management or rehabilitation, mainly in protection and special use forests, but performance for production forests lagging behind • Plantation development, but technical problems and partly poor performance • Policy reforms, but slow implementation • Involvement of local people in forest management, but land allocation still slow, extension services weak • Private entrepreneurship emerging, but still dominance of State Enterprises in forest sector

  10. What about the nfp principles … How are they being addressed in the Vietnamese context ?

  11. National sovereignty and country leadership … in the Vietnamese context: High Government commitment and donor coordination • launching of 5MHRP by National Assembly, PM decision, endorsed by 9th Party Congress • Donor coordination through FSSP: all contributions refer to the 5MHRP

  12. Consistency with national policy and international commitments … in the Vietnamese context: policy reforms and integration of international commitments • Reference to sustainable development processes, MDGs and environmental conventions (CBD NBSAP, UNCCD NAP refer to forest sector and 5MHRP) … but • no assessment of IPF/IFF proposals for action yet • Policy reforms slow

  13. Integration with the sustainable development strategies of the country … in the Vietnamese context: Forests part of national SD Strategy • Forest sector priority area of national SD Strategy (Agenda 21) • Integration of forest sector strategies into Socio-economic Development Plan (2006-2010) … but • allocation of budget an issue

  14. Partnership and participation, participatory mechanisms in which all interested parties are involved … in the Vietnamese context: Stakeholder involvement • Involvement of local people • Mobilisation of all forces • Government-Donor partnership for the 5MHRP … but not all are equal… • Still dominance of State over private sector • Representation of stakeholders groups an issue

  15. Holistic and intersectoral approaches … in the Vietnamese context: Linkage to other programmes and strategies • 5MHRP considered one of the key programmes for poverty alleviation in rural areas • 5MHRP linked to other sectors • Forests important in National Environment Strategy … but • industry / infrastructure development is a priority

  16. Decentralisation and empowerment of regional and local government structures … in the Vietnamese context: bottom-up & top-down • Decentralisation process on-going, decentralised forest strategies (Province, district) … but • Devolution of budget and decision-making still slow • Forest management still centrally controlled (planning, logging quota) • Provinces “deviate” from SFM, have their own priorities

  17. Consistency with the constitutional and legal frameworks of each country … in the Vietnamese context: Policy and institutional reform: • New Land Law, Forest Law • changes of constitution ? • Policy development by testing on the ground … but • implementation mechanisms, guidelines still to be developed • Slow reform of State Forest Enterprises

  18. Recognition and respect for customary and traditional rights … in the Vietnamese context: dealing with ethnic minorities • Community forestry and recognition of ethnic minorities … but in practice • Dominance of Kinh • Resettlement schemes • Land conflicts • customary rights often not compatible with modern legal practices and concepts

  19. Secure land and forest tenure arrangements … in the Vietnamese context: land allocation • Long term user rights (50 years, renewable) • land use planning combined with land allocation • Land Use Certificates can be inherited, sold, mortgaged, … … but • LA process slow, still not concluded for all forest areas

  20. Establishment of effective co-ordination mechanisms and conflict-resolution schemes … in the Vietnamese context: institutional structures for the 5MHRP and the FSSP & P • 5MHRP Steering Committee, linkage with other sectors • Reporting to highest level (NA) • FSSP & P coordination mechanisms • Conflict resolution in the field … but • No adequate representation of all stakeholders • Transparency often lacking

  21. Forest sector – recent trends Forest cover has increased, however, there is still continued degradation of natural forests Main causes: • Forest land encroachment • Conversion of forest to agricultural land • Unsustainable and illegal harvesting (>50%) • Infrastructure development • Forest fires Forest processing industry with emerging potential, boosting exports, but lack of raw material and high import prices, need to invest in up-to-date equipment and capacity building

  22. Forest sector – recent trends • FSSP & Partnership developing, aiming at convergence of donor support and Government funding • Trust Fund for Forests TFF established • Revision of Programme 661 and National Forest Development Strategy 2001-2010 • update with recent policy changes • harmonise with other strategies, e.g. Poverty Alleviation Strategy (CPRGS) Public Administration Reform (PAR), decentralisation • formulation of National Forest Strategy (2006-2020) • Development of financing instruments: • medium-term financial frameworks and medium-term expenditure frameworks for the Ministry • forest sector financing study • Elaboration of Forest Monitoring and Information System FOMIS

  23. Thank you

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