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FIRST AID

FIRST AID. Presented By:. A. K. Mishra. PGT-Geography. JNV, Koraput. WATCH OUT THE VEDIO. Essential Question?????. What can be done between an accident and arrival of doctor?. Post your answer in the message board in introduction page. DEFINITION- FIRST AID.

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FIRST AID

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  1. FIRST AID Presented By: A. K. Mishra PGT-Geography JNV, Koraput

  2. WATCH OUT THE VEDIO Essential Question????? What can be done between an accident and arrival of doctor? Post your answer in the message board in introduction page.

  3. DEFINITION- FIRST AID Measures to be taken immediately after an accident not with an idea to cure but in order to prevent further harm being done. -Encyclopedia Britannica OBJECTIVES • To preserve life. • To prevent the victim’s condition from worsening. • To promote recovery.

  4. GOALS OF FIRST AID • Restore and maintain vital function like Air passage, Breathing and Circulation • To prevent further injury • To reassure the victim and make him or her comfortable. Golden Rule of First Aid: BE CALM- DO NOT PANIC

  5. ASSESSING THE VICTIM CIRCULATION Recovery position BREATHING AIRPASSAGE RESPONSE DANGER

  6. ASSIGNMENTS Post your Answer in the group activity page of First Aid project in www.thinkquest.com…….. • What are the objectives of a First aider? • What is the golden rule of First aid? • How to check circulation? • Why to check danger before providing first aid to a patient? • Name the steps to be followed for assessing the victim for first aid.

  7. RESEARCH Search through the following books in the library and web links to find out important information about First Aid…….. BOOKS • Prathmic Chikitsa in Oriya • Common First Aid in English WEB LINKS http://www.parasolemt. com.au http://www.workcover. com www.resus.org.au www.allergy.org.au www.nationalasthma. org.au

  8. SURVEY It’s a group activity. The moot point here are…….. Objectives of Survey. Whom to survey? Procedure to be Adopted? Procedure to be Adopted? Whether to prepare Questionnaire? Points to be included in Questionnaire?

  9. INTERVIEWING The following question needs to be answered before proceeding for interview? • Whether go for pre-structured questionnaire or Participatory appraisal? • Whom to survey? • Whether it should be a sample survey or a whole survey? • Division of work among groups.

  10. DIVISION OF WORK GROUP – A The members of This group will Conduct survey Of the class VI and VII GROUP – B The members of This group will Conduct survey Of the class VIII and IX GROUP - C The members of This group will Conduct survey Of the class X and XI (Hum) GROUP – D The members of This group will Conduct survey Of the class XI (Sc) and XII

  11. QUESTIONNAIRE Lets prepare questionnaire keeping the objectives in mind. Find out the points on which the survey to be conducted.. • Ailment faced? • Age of the victim? • Danger points? • Who helped? • proper first procedure followed?

  12. QUESTIONNAIRE

  13. BLEEDING Internal External Abrasion Incision Puncture Laceration Amputation

  14. EXTERNAL BLEEDING HEART ARTERY VEIN CAPILLARY Damage to it darker red colour blood tend to flow Damage to it Bright red colour blood spurt with each heart beat Damage to it bright red colour blood and Oozes. Blood move around body under pressure from heart. • Wash the wound with clean water. • Apply pressure over it to check bleeding. • Apply bandage. • Monitor consciousness, pulse and breathing. • Apply roller bandage in penetrating object without removing it.

  15. INTERNAL BLEEDING Bleeding from anus, ears, lungs, stomach, intestines, under the skin, urinary tract etc. Visible Conceal Pale face, thirst, rapid & weak pulse, pain or discomfort, nausea or vomiting, shock Treatment: • If conscious, lie the casualty down with legs elevated. • If unconscious, recovery position and elevate the legs

  16. NOSE BLEEDING Pinch the fleshy part of the nose. Treatment Lean casualty slightly forward. Apply cool, compress to nose. AMPUTATION • Treat as for Bleeding from wound. • Collect the amputated part, keep it dry, DO NOT wash or clean • Placed it in iced water, DO NOT allow amputated part to come in direct contact with ice.

  17. SHOCK It is a severe life threatening condition should be treated with top priority. Causes: Loss of Blood Abdominal em Emergencies Loss of Body Fluid Heart Attack Sepsis or Toxicity

  18. Assessment of the Patient SIGN & SYMPTOMS • Pale, cool, clammy skin & thirst • Rapin, shallow breathing & rapid, weak pulse • Nausea and Vomiting • Loss of body fluids or high temp if sepsis • Progressive ‘shutdown of body’s vital function

  19. Treatment of the Patient CONTROL ANY BLEEDING IF CONSCIOUS: LIE THE CASUALTY WITH ELEVATED LEGS IF UNCONSCIOUS: RECOVERY POSITION WITH ELEVATED LEGS MAINTAIN BODY TEMPERATURE TREAT ANY INJURY

  20. BURN & SCALDS • Burn are injuries that damage and kill skin cells. • Scalds are caused by contact with wet heat such boiling fluid, stream etc. TYPES OF BURN Full Thickness Superficial Partial Thickness

  21. CARE & TREATMENT DOS • Cool the burn only with clean water. • Cover with a clean, non-stick sterile dressing • Remove tight clothing and objects. e.g. ring, necklace etc. • Treat for shock if the burn is severe. • Avoid contamination in any form • Seek medical aid if the burn size if larges then your palm, child or chemical burn etc. DON’TS • Break Blisters. • Attempt to remove bitumen form the skin or eyes. • Use lotions or cream. • Have excessive cooling resulting in shivering

  22. FRACTURE • There are 206 bones in the human body. • The skeleton hold our skin up. • Bones acts as factories for essential blood cells through bone marrow. • It is the integral part of body strength. • Some bones have protective function (skull) , some have supportive function (Pelvis), other associated with muscles, nerves and blood vessels.

  23. Causes of Fracture: Direct Indirect Spontaneous Green Stick TYPES OF FRACTURE CLOSED COMPLICATED OPEN

  24. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS • Pale , cool, clammy skin • Rapid, weak pulse • Pain at the site • Tenderness • Loss of Power to limb • Associated wound • Associated Organ Damage • Nausea • Deformity. Care & Treatment • Immobilize the affected limbs. • Adequate splinting the injury • Check circulation after splint or sling • Absent of pulse, pale appearance, lack of warmth, swelling are sign of tight bandaging.

  25. FRACTURE ARM/ COLLAR BONE • Check for pulse in the hand • Treat any wound • Pad bony prominences • Secure splint above and below fracture. • Reassess pulse • Apply appropriate sling • Reassess pulse • Adjust bandage or sling if required

  26. FRACTURE OF LEGS • Check for pulse in the leg. • Treat any wound. • Immobilise the limb. • Pad bony prominences. • Reassess circulation below injury • Adjust bandages if required.

  27. FRACTURE PELVIS • Call 102 for ambulance. • Check for pulses in both legs. • Bend legs at knee • Support both hips with folded blankets • Discourage attempts to urinate. • Adjust bandages if required. • Care must be exercised as it my leads to serious complication.

  28. FRACTURE JAW • It is a common injury in sports • Pain in the jaw, unable to speak properly, trouble in swallowing are some of the sign and symptom. • Call 102 for ambulance • Sit the casualty leaning slightly forward • Rest the injured jaw on a pad held by the casualty. • Observe breathing carefully.

  29. DISLOCATION It involves the displacement of bone from a joint. Sign & Symptoms • Sudden pain in the affected joint • Loss of power and movement • Deformity and swelling of the joint • Tenderness • Temporary paralysis of the injured limb. Care & Treatment • Support the limb in comfortable position. • Seek medical aid. • Any attempt to reduce a dislocation is to be made by doctor only.

  30. SPRAIN • It involves the over-extension of a joint, usually with a partial rapture of ligament. • Sudden pain, loss of power, bruising, swelling, tender etc are signs & symptoms. • Treat the patient with RICE • Seek medical aid. STRAIN • It involves over-stretching of the major muscles or tendons. • Pain increasing on movement, audible crack sound, discernible gap between muscle & bone, tenderness, swelling etc • RiCE, Avoid stretching for 24 hr BRUSING • It is bleeding by damaged blood vessels below the skin. • History of a blow, pain, tenderness, swelling, discolouring, • RICE, After four hours, gentle exercise. • RICE: Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevate the injured part.

  31. SPINAL INJURY The spinal column consists of a series of interconnected bones, called vertebrae, which enclose the spinal cord, an integral part of central nervous system. Parts of Spinal Column: Cervical Spine (neck), 7 vertebrae Thoracic Spine (Chest), 12 vertebrae Lumber Spine (back), 5 Vertebrae Fused Vertebra of the sacrum A Small Vertebra called Coccyx

  32. Sign & Symptoms Any injury to the spinal cord has serious ramification like Quadriplegia, paraplegia, chronic back pain etc. Its sign & symptoms are: • History of trauma • Pulse my be fast or slow • Pale, cool, clammy skin • Absent of feeling in limbs • Absence of pain in limbs despite of injury • Inability to move arms • Onset of shock

  33. Care & Treatment • Clear air passage with out moving head. • Call 102 for ambulance. • Maintain body temperature • Extreme care during initial examination. • Immobilise the victim with bandages.

  34. ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES • Formative Assessment • Summative Assessment • Authentic Assessment. A rubric is a scoring guide that clearly differentiates levels of student performance. It provides a clear description of quality student work and serves as a guide for students as they work to meet or exceed performance standards

  35. Critical Thinking Essential Question: • Provocative • Open-ended • Challenging • Related to Life and Experiences • Consistant with curriculum Standard • Significant

  36. Project Based Learning • Lunching Project • Milestones • Planning Resources • Direct Instruction • Assessment • Capturing Artifacts • Celebrating Completion

  37. THANKS

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