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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Change. Change in Saudi Arabia King Faisal assumes the throne Major changes Infrastructure Needed roots to cling too: Islam Widespread anti-modernization sentiments Too much money Progressive reforms Introduction of female education Abolishment of slavery Brought T.V.

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4

  2. Change • Change in Saudi Arabia • King Faisal assumes the throne • Major changes • Infrastructure • Needed roots to cling too: Islam • Widespread anti-modernization sentiments • Too much money • Progressive reforms • Introduction of female education • Abolishment of slavery • Brought T.V. • Co-opted the Ulema (clergy) • Employees of the State • Sought to temper radicalism • Prince Turki • Educated in America • No real seriousness • Return to home, 1973

  3. The end of King Faisal • Hostage situation • Lasted two weeks • Prince Turki sent to deal with • Most hostages let go • Issue of military assault: • Against Quran • Had to get permission of clergy • Deal struck between King and Ulema – fatwa issued • 400-500 insurgents inside • Prepared for weeks • Attempts by government disasters • Prince Turki took charge • Called on the bin Ladens • Had maps and layout of Mosque • Demands of insurgents • Non-westernization • No royal family • Accounting of money • Cut off oil to west • Foreigners out of the Kingdom • 2 weeks to end crisis • Assassinated 1975 • By nephew • Angered by reforms • King Khaled successor • Crisis • November 20, 1979 • Insurgents opened fire in the Grand Mosque on 50,000 worshippers • Chained gates, killed policemen • Called themselves the Mahdi • Significance: The Mahdi, in oral tradition, will come near the end of time • Jesus and Mahdi will fight the AntiChrist • NOT accepted by most Muslims • Leader named Juhayman al-Otebi said God revealed to him in a dream that he was the Mahdi • No one thought they posed a real threat

  4. A new Saudi Arabia • Consequences • Largest execution in Saudi history • Kingdom traumatized • Holiest place defiled • Authority of royal family challenged • What direction would the Kingdom take in the future?

  5. Afghanistan • Bin Laden not allowed by Saudi government to go to Afghanistan • Promised he wouldn’t • 1979 Soviet troops invade Afghanistan • Osama bin Laden heads to Afghanistan within days • Influence Abdullah Azzam • Embodied modern warrior priest • “Jihad and rifles alone” • “called” to Afghan resistance • Struggle was against jahiliyya • world of unbelief before Islam • Still corrupted the faithful • Recruited for the cause using bin Laden’s home in the Kingdom • Bin Laden revered Azzam • Jeddah became transit system for Azzam’s “calling • Young muslim pilgrims mainly • Some fugitives • Bin Laden • Opened half-way house for recruits • Ran military camps • Talented fundraiser • Saudi family encouraged • Rallied behind Jihad due to threat of Communism • **DRAWING A LINE against retreat of their religion, which was God’s last word and the only hope of human salvation.

  6. War in Afghanistan

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