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Cultural Explosion of the Roaring Twenties

Explore the vibrant era of the 1920s, known for its booming popular culture, sports heroes, mass media, African American artistry, Black politics, immigration, consumerism, prosperity policies, and global outlook. Delve into the Jazz Age, Harlem Renaissance, Louis Armstrong's impact, and the rise of Black nationalism. Witness the stock market crash, banking crisis, and roots of the Great Depression, leading to significant societal challenges.

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Cultural Explosion of the Roaring Twenties

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  1. The Roaring ‘20’s Boom & Bust

  2. Popular Culture • Sports • Baseball, boxing, & football are at catching a lot of attention • Sports figures become heroes • Ruth, Notre Dame Football, etc…

  3. Mass media • Radio • KDKA in Pittsburg becomes the 1st radio station • Music starts to blossom & catch on • Jazz hits high points • Newspapers & magazines become popular reading material • Hollywood

  4. African American Culture • Harlem Renaissance • Great Migration- movement of blacks from the rural south to the urban north to seek jobs (mills & industries) • Harlem became the center of black life • The writers • McKay, Hughes, Hurston • Jazz, Blues & theatre • Louis Armstrong- developed early forms of Jazz • Played in the Hot 5 • Based out of New Orleans & had a huge impact of Black Jazz

  5. Louis Armstrong (1901-1971)

  6. Music, Music, Music • Sweet Lou • Duke Ellington • Played ragtime music & known for his piano skills • Played often at the Cotton Club (Harlem’s hottest night spot) • Bessie Smith • Soul music • The blues were soulful music that evolved from Afro American spirituals

  7. Black Politics • Racial pride grew during this time • Black vote in the north actually became a voice • Oscar DePriest became the 1st black in congress • NAACP is formed • Protested lynching • Joined labor unions • Black nationalism • Marcus Garvey- inspired by Booker T Washington founded the Universal negro Improvement Association • Wanted to est. a Black settlement in Liberia & called for Blacks to leave America • He was eventually convicted of mail fraud & deported to Jamaica

  8. Immigration • Large groups of people from southern & eastern Europe flocked here for industrial jobs • This caused a great deal of Racism • Italians, Irish viewed as scum • Pseudo-Science (Eugenics-false science)- based on improving heredity traits of northern Europeans

  9. KKK • At first this group targeted blacks • The new clan of the’20’s targeted blacks, Catholics, Jews, etc… • This new clan was formed by William Simmons

  10. Consumer Society • Credit • Mass Advertising • Est. of Bureaucracies • Large, complex organizations • Welfare capitalism • System in which companies allow employees to buy stock, participate in profit sharing and receive benefits

  11. Policies of Prosperity • Henry Mellon • Secretary of the treasury for over a decade • Est the Mellon program • Balance the budget • Reduce GOV debt • Cut taxes • Lowered interest rates • Supply-side economics- economy grows & the nation makes more money. GOV actually can cut tax rates & make more money • Herbert Hoover • Stressed industrial growth • Cooperative individualism - encouraged manufactures & distributors to form their own organizations & volunteer info. To the FED GOV to stimulate the economy

  12. America’s outlook on the rest of the world • Isolationism- stay out of world affairs & pursue America prosperity • Charles Dawes Plan (American Diplomat) • Negotiated an agreement with Britain, France & Germany • US would loan money to Germany. Germany would use the money to payback French & British (WWI debts) • May be the worst plan ever • Washington Conference • Effort to slow world wide arms race

  13. Storming toward depression

  14. Stock Marketused to buy & sell shares of companies • Long Bull Market • Rising sock prices for a long period of time • Margin- buying stocks with small down payment ((as low as 10%) • Margin Call- brokers can demand investors to repay loan immediately • The crash • many margin calls were made • Black Tuesday (OCT 29th ) • Stocks lost 10-15 billion dollars

  15. Banks • Loaned money to investors • Invested depositors money • Hoped for high returns • Crash hurt banks • No GOV insurance (people lost savings) • Bank runs- people tried to pull out all their money

  16. Other roots to the Depression • Uneven distribution of income • Loss of export sales • Hawley-Smoot tariff • Mistakes by Federal Reserve • Low interest rates for to long

  17. Life during the depression • Avg income- $1600 • Soup Kitchens • Free food • Makeshift villages • People lost homes because they could not pay • Shanty towns/ Hoovervilles- shacked up communities • Dust Bowl • Drought of 1932

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