The Effect of Various Carbohydrate Sources Utilized in a Double Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell

1. The Effect of Various Carbohydrate Sources Utilized in a Double Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell Julie Paone Period 0-1 http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/bioenergy/mfc_make_cell.htm

2. Need • Alternate energy • Efficiency and economically priced • Wastewater has 9.3 more energy in it than what’s being used to treat it. • Microbial Fuel Cell http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/web_presentations/MFC-MECs-Bruce-Logan-1-2-08.pdf

3. Knowledge BaseAny organic material can create electricity • Two step process • Removal of electrons from organic matter (oxidation) • Giving the electrons to something that will accept them (reduction)(oxygen) • The electrons flow to cathode and join with protons • Voltage and current Logan, 2009 http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/publications/2009-Logan-NatRevMicrobiol.pdf

4. Electrogenesis • Process of converting food into energy • Respiratory enzymes  ATP • Terminal electron acceptor (TEA) • Exogenously http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v4/n7/fig_tab/nrmicro1442_F2.html

5. Carbon Sources • Food Source (substrate) • glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, and starch http://www.diabetes-support.com/Articles/understanding-diabetic-diet.htm

6. Glucose http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ChemScience/Volume/2008/04/Edible_electricity.asp Fructose • C6H12O6 • used as an energy source in most organisms, from bacteria to humans • Simple monosaccharide • Isomer of glucose (C6H12O6) • Different structure

7. Sucrose • Disaccharide (glucose and fructose) • C12H22O11 • Table sugar Lactose • Disaccharide • (galactose and glucose fragments) • Sugar in milk • C12H22O11 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Sucrose_3Dprojection.png

8. Starch • large number of glucose units joined together • Most important carbohydrate in the human diet • C6H10O5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch

9. Construction Salt Bridge (PVC Pipe) Anode (carbon rod) Solution (E. coli, food source, methlyene blue) Solution (Potassium Ferricyanide) Plastic Bottle (Carolina) Cathode (carbon rod) Efficiency Cost Materials

10. Literature Review 1 • Effect of carbon sources as the substrate • Micrococcus luteus • 11 carbon sources tested (yeast extract, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, mannitol, mannose, sorbitol, fructose, sucrose, and starch) • Double chamber with PEM (Choi, et al. 2007) http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/journal_publications.htm

11. Literature Review 2 (Logan, 2005)Electricity Generation from cystenine in a microbial fuel cell • Cystenine (substrate) • Double chamber MFC with PEM • Tested to see if alone it could act as a food source • Efficiency achieved is comparable to other substrates http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/journal_publications.htm

12. Literature Review 3 http://www.ncbe.reading.ac.uk/ncbe/materials/MICROBIOLOGY/PDF/bennetto.pdf • In one equation, 1 molecule of glucose provides a maximum of 24 electrons. Bennetto, 1990

13. Literature Review 4 • Rhodopseudomonas palustris DX-1 • Cell voltage and current were used to calculate the power density (P=I/V) • Increase in anode surface increases the performance Xing, 2008 http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/publications/2008-Xing-etal-ES&T.pdf

14. Purpose Hypothesis • To determine whether a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide food source significantly affects the amount of voltage produced by E. coli in a Microbial Fuel Cell. • The null hypothesis states that the type of food source will not significantly affect the voltage produced by bacteria. • The alternate hypothesis states that the type of food source has a significant affect on the amount of voltage produced.

15. Methodology

16. Budget

17. Do ability • Experiment was done last year • Most materials are familiar • Background in culturing • Data collection was previously done • Materials are accessible http://www.engr.psu.edu/ce/enve/logan/bioenergy/mfc_make_cell.htm

18. Bibliography • Choi, Youngjin, Eunkyoung Jung, Hyunjoo Park, Seunho Jung, Sunghyun Kim, Effect of Initial Carbon Sources on the Performance of a Microbial Fuel Cell Containing Environmental Microorganism Micrococcus luteus. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc, Vol. 28, No. 9, 2007 Pp. 1591-1594 • Bennetto, H. P., Electricity generation by microorganisms, National Centre for Biotechnology Education. Vol. 1, No.4, 1990 Pp. 163-168 • Liu, Hong, Grot, Stephen, Logan, Bruce E., Electrochemically Assisted Microbial Production of Hydrogen from Acetate, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 39, 2005 Pp. 4317-4320 • Logan, Bruce E. Exoelectrogenic bacteria that power microbial fuel cells. Nature Reviews, Microbiology, Vol. 7, May 2009 Pp. 375-381 • Logan, Bruce E., Cassandro Murano, Keith Scott, Neil D. Gray, Ian M. Head, Electricity Generation from Cystenine in a Microbial Fuel Cell, Water Research, 2005 Pp. 942-952 • Logan, B.E., Microbial Fuel Cells, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hobeken, New Jersey, 2008. • Macdonald, Averil and Berry, Martyn, Science through Hydrogen: Clean Energy for the Future,Heliocentris energiesysteme, 2004. Pp. 74, 80 • Melis, Anastasios, Green Alga Hydrogen production: progress, challenges and prospects. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. • Xing, Defeng, Zuo, Yi, Cheng, Shaoan, Regan, John M., Logan, Bruce E. Electricity Generation by Rhodopseudomonas palustris DX-1, Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 42, No. 11, 2008 Pp. 4146-4145