Baroque and Rococo

1. Baroque and Rococo 17th and 18th Century

2. Baroque • The term Baroque once had a negative meaning. • The name is derived from Baroque pearls • pearls with unusual, odd shapes • Compared to Renaissance art, it was considered to be • “over-dramatic” • The architecture, “overly decorated”.

3. Baroque Pearl

4. Baroque Style • Baroque style is Dramatic • Strong Contrast of Light and Dark • Dynamic Composition • Architecture is decorative / many details

5. Roman Catholic Church supported Baroque art style in response to the Protestant Reformation (movement to reform Catholic Church) • communication of religious themes with viewer's direct and emotional involvement • Aristocracy adopted Baroque style • to impress visitors and to express triumphant power and control

6. Baroque Style spread throughout Europe • Italy, Holland, France, Spain, and England.

7. Baroque Art – 1600-1750 Catholic Countries: Italy, Flanders (Flemish), Spain, France Common Traits that reflect the values of the time: -Gigantic religious works to display their faith’s triumph and to over-whelm and attract new worshippers. -Massive displays of wealth by absolute monarchs to enchant and impress visitors.

8. Baroque Art – 1600-1750 Catholic Countries: Italy, Flanders (Flemish), Spain, France What to look for: -Use of light – harsh light from single source to concentrate your eye (chiaroscuro but for focal point…). -Saints and miracles looking like ordinary people and events -dynamic explosion of energy – images captured at height of action -VERY voluptuous female nudes -portraits – posed to show refinement but looked “real” -huge clouds in landscapes

9. Baroque Art – 1600-1750 • Two distinct “schools” of Baroque Art: • Catholic Countries: Italy, Flanders (Flemish or Austrian/Spanish Netherlands), Spain, France • Protestant Countries: England & Holland (Dutch)

10. ItalianBaroque

11. Annibale Carracci, Loves of the Gods, 1597 – 1601, Ceiling Fresco

12. Commissioned by Cardinal Farnese to celebrate the wedding of his brother • Various Gods and Humans in love“quadro riportato” – looks like framed easel paintings • Inspired by Italian Renaissance art (Michelangelo, Raphael, Titian) Annibale Carracci, Loves of the Gods

14. Comparison Baroque fresco Renaissance fresco

15. Caravaggio, Conversion of St. Paul, 1601, Oil on Canvas

16. Story of Pharisee Saul converting to Christianity • Appears to be an accident in the horse stable (everyday life) • Caravaggio used strong light and dark / shadowy style (greatly influenced European art) • Perspective and Chiaroscuro (light and shadow) used to bring the viewer closer to the event

17. Caravaggio, Calling of St. Matthew, 1597 – 1601, Oil on Canvas

18. Christ enters from the right to summon Levi (a Roman tax collector) to a “higher calling” • Bland street scene (“normal, everyday life”) • Caravaggio’s style of strong light and shadowLight as a symbol of God

19. Comparison

20. Caravaggio, Crucifixion of St. Peter

21. Caravaggio, Judith Slaying Holofernes

22. Artemisia Gentileschi Judith Slaying Holofernes

23. Gianlorenzo Bernini, Baldacchino, 1624 – 1633, Gilded Bronze

24. Bronze “canopy” over the tomb of St. Peter • Focal point of church • Made from Bronze of doors of the ancient Roman Pantheon (Pantheon was a temple for Pagan religion) • Commissioned by the Barberini Family

25. Bernini • Expressive • Dynamic • Energetic David

26. David

27. Bernini Italian The Ecstasy of St. Theresa

28. Dutch Baroque

29. Baroque Art – 1600-1750 Protestant Countries: Holland (Dutch) & England Common Traits that reflect the values of the time: -Still lifes -Landscapes -Portraits -Very little to no religious imagery

30. Independence from Spain • Trade and Banking = Patrons of Art • Protestant rejected religious art, traded for portraits, genre scenes, and landscapes

31. Created when he was a student • Exercise in lighting, expression • Rembrandt created at least 70 self-portraits during his lifetime (oil paintings and etchings) Rembrandt van RijnSelf-Portrait in a Cap, Etching, 1630

32. Rembrant Self-Portraits

33. Rembrandt van Rijn, Return of the Prodigal Son, 1665,

34. Stillness / inward contemplation (less dramatic than Italian Baroque paintings) • Humility and humanity of Christ • Father and Son relationship (father forgiving Christ) • Light mixed with shadow • Light focused on father and son

35. Rembrant, Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp

36. Frans Hals, The Women of the Regents of the Old Men’s Home at Haarlem, 1664

37. Somber and Serious • Very orderly composition • Monochromatic Color Palette (black and white and gray) • Women look out of painting (2 look at viewer)

38. Vermeer Dutch The Geographer

40. French Baroque

41. Louis XIV expanded the Louve and extended expenses for the building and completion of versailles Hyancinthe Rigaud, Louis XIV, 1701,

42. King Louis XIV • Grandiose • Absolute Monarchy • Wore high heels to make him taller (5’4”)

43. Jules Hardouin-Mansart and Charles Le Brun, Hall of Mirrors (Palace of Versailles), 1680, interior architecture

44. Hall of Mirrors in King Louis XIV’s Palace of Versailles • Mirror – Baroque source of illusion • 100’s of rooms in palace • Rich decoration / details

45. Rococo

46. Rococo • Means pebble, or shell • Refined, fanciful, playful style fashionable in France due to Louis XIV’s pampered lifestyle. • 1700-1789 • Scenes showed the luxuries and leisurely pursuits of aristocrats and the wealthy • More decorative and non-functional then Baroque

47. Rococo Style • Pastel colors • Delicately curving forms • Dainty figures, • Light hearted • Sensual and erotic

48. Jean Baptiste Simeon, Boy Blowing Soap Bubbles

49. Antoine Watteau, L’Indifferent

50. Anotine Watteau, Return from Cythera