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US and Regional Markets for Tilapia

US and Regional Markets for Tilapia. Carlos Pantoja, Ph.D. y Kevin Fitzsimmons, Ph.D. Universidad de Arizona Managua, NICARAGUA Augusto, 2003. Introduction. Review basic production guidelines (stocking rates, feeding rates, and protein requirements) Worldwide tilapia trade The US Market

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US and Regional Markets for Tilapia

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  1. US and Regional Markets for Tilapia Carlos Pantoja, Ph.D. y Kevin Fitzsimmons, Ph.D.Universidad de Arizona Managua, NICARAGUA Augusto, 2003

  2. Introduction • Review basic production guidelines (stocking rates, feeding rates, and protein requirements) • Worldwide tilapia trade • The US Market • Suppliers and consumers in the US • Opportunities to expand markets

  3. Tilapia trade • Currently second in volume to carps • Prediction: Tilapia will become most important aquaculture crop in this century • Widest demand, no religious/cultural concerns, few environmental concerns • More genetic potential • Greatest variety of production systems

  4. Ponds and cages

  5. Intensive tank culture Tanks in Arizona Tanks in California

  6. Intensive raceways Raceway Systems Extensive raceways

  7. Intensive farms in buildings in cool climates

  8. Intensive farms with recirculation in greenhouses

  9. Integrated with crop irrigation

  10. Basic production parameters • Fastest growth between 25 and 29 degrees • Growth slows with dissolved oxygen below 4 mg/l (4 ppm) • Growth slows with ammonia above 0.25 mg/l • In ponds, important to check dissolved oxygen level before first light in morning • In cages, even more important to check dissolved oxygen during night and early in morning

  11. Basic feeding parameters • Crias need highest protein level 45 - 50% • First feeding fry 45 - 50 % • 0.02 - 2.0 g 35 - 40 % • 2.0 - 35 g 32 - 35 % • In hatchery with green water, protein can be lower • In hatchery with very clean water, protein level should be maintained

  12. Basic feeding parameters • Growout needs lowest protein level 28 - 30% • 35 - 200g 31 - 33 % protein • 200g – harvest 28 – 30 % protein • In pond with green water, protein can be lower • In cages, even with green water, protein should be maintained close to 30%

  13. Genetic improvements in tilapia (From: Mair, G., 2002)

  14. Strain evaluations • For saline waters - Hybrid red strains are preferred • For cage and pond culture Chitralada strain of O. niloticus originally from Thailand and further developed in Brasil. • The GIFT strain of O. niloticus, originally developed in Philippines is most common in Philippines and China • YY Super males - Genetically Male Tilapia

  15. Expected growth rates Total days Fish weight (g)

  16. Expected growth rate Fish weight (g)

  17. International ResearchISTA(next in Manila, Philippines, Sept 2004) • International Symposia on Tilapia in Aquaculture

  18. Established market demand • Accepted in many national dishes • Popular in many forms (live, whole, fillets, fresh and frozen, smoked, sashimi, fried skins)

  19. Major Tilapia Producers (for year 2002) • China - 706,000 metric tons / year • Philippines - 122,277 mt / year • Mexico - 110,000 mt / year • Thailand - 100,000 mt / year • Taiwan Province - 90,000 mt / year • Brasil - 75,000 mt / year • Indonesia - 50,000 mt / year

  20. Global Tilapia Sales (farmgate) • For year 2000 • US $ 1,706,538,200(FAO Fisheries Circular No. 886)

  21. Estimated cost of production • China - $0.70/kg • Philippines, Indonesia, Brasil - $0.80/kg • Thailand, Peru - $0.85/kg • Ecuador, Honduras, Costa Rica - $0.90/kg • Mexico - $1.00/kg • Taiwan Province - $1.05/kg • US - $2.00/kg • Canada - $2.10/kg

  22. Tilapia production in the Americas

  23. Production of Tilapia in the Americas 2002 (by volume)

  24. Mexico - 102,000 mt Tilapia-shrimp farm in Sonora Pond Tilapia farm in Tamaulipas

  25. Markets in Mexico Raceway system, Tamaulipas • Strong domestic markets; on ice, fillets in grocery stores • All domestic consumption - Will eventually develop export markets.

  26. Brasil - 75,000 mt

  27. Tilapia production & Markets in Brasil • Production in Southeast and Northeast • Red tilapia in Southeast for fee-fishing and food • Cage farms allowed in NE reservoirs. • Tilapia leather industry • Jump in interest with ISTA 5 in Rio. • Developing export markets.

  28. Tilapia production in Ecuador 27,000 mt • Replacing shrimp because of white spot and other shrimp diseases • Using shrimp infrastructure • Exporting to US and EU • Benefits to shrimp culture with polyculture

  29. Tilapia production in Ecuador and shrimp viral infections WhiteSpot Taura IHHN

  30. Red strains of tilapia most popular for brackish polyculture systems

  31. Tilapia production in outside ponds with shrimp in covered ponds

  32. Costa Rica - 15,000 mt Acuacorporacion ponds in Cañas, Costa Rica

  33. Jamaica - 5,200 mtTilapia production 1980-2001

  34. Nicaragua - 500 mt • Survey conducted and report by Neira y Engle • La mayoría de las fincas acuícolas son pequeñas, 0.01 ha, y son usadas principalmente para subsistencia. • Mercado domestico para tilapia cultivada podría reducir riesgo de mercado. • Nicaragua es un país con gran potencial para el desarrollo de la acuicultura. From: Neira y Engle, 2001

  35. Metodos de entrevistas Entrevistas personales directas fueron conducidas en las regiones pobladas de Nicaragua en Agosto/Septiembre, 2000. From: Neira y Engle, 2001

  36. Porcentaje de locales que venden tilapia From: Neira y Engle, 2001

  37. Razones dadas, por las cuales no se vende tilapia From: Neira y Engle, 2001

  38. Probabilidad de que se venda tilapia cultivada el siguiente año From: Neira y Engle, 2001

  39. Formas preferidas de los productos From: Neira y Engle, 2001

  40. Comparación de los volumenes actuales de venta de tilapia con respecto al año anterior From: Neira y Engle, 2001

  41. Consistencia en la oferta de tilapia From: Neira y Engle, 2001

  42. Problemas mencionados con la inconsistencia en la oferta de tilapia From: Neira y Engle, 2001

  43. Tamaño promedio ponderado de tilapia al mayoreo From: Neira y Engle, 2001

  44. Precio promedio ponderado de tilapia al mayoreo From: Neira y Engle, 2001

  45. Tilapia compite con Entero eviscerado y Filete Guapote Pargo rojo Corvina From: Neira y Engle, 2001

  46. CONCLUSIONES • La tilapia silvestre ha penetrado en el mercado. • Principales razones para no vender tilapia: sabor a tierra, falta de oferta, contaminación del lago de Managua, y desconocimiento del producto. • Actitudes positivas hacia la tilapia: tamaño y precio no son obstáculos para vender tilapia. From: Neira y Engle, 2001

  47. ...Conclusiones • Más de la mitad de los encuestados indicaron que era muy probable incluir tilapia cultivada. • El principal obstáculo: procedencia del producto (Lago de Managua), lo cual resultó en la mayor venta de filetes. From: Neira y Engle, 2001

  48. ...Recomendaciones • Para penetrar en los restaurantes, tilapia cultivada debe posicionarse como un producto de alta calidad de exportación y dirigirse al segmento de restaurantes no corrientes. • Dada la preferencia por filetes en los supermercados y mercados populares, el precio al mayoreo probablemente será bajo para que los cultivadores de tilapia puedan competir. From: Neira y Engle, 2001

  49. USA  9,000 mt • Production in many states • Mostly intensive systems, many recirculating • Sales to ethnic markets as live fish, high value

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