Seventeenth-Century England

Seventeenth-Century England Two Revolutions

Broad significance • Origin of capitalism • Made industrial revolution possible, or likely • Changed the way the world lives

Before (1603) James comes to thrown by hereditary right James chooses ministers (heads of government offices) as he pleases After (1714) George I takes throne by Act of Parliament Ministers must be approved by majority of Parliament to govern (Parliament controls policy) Parliament asserts power over crown

Before (1603) James expected to finance government himself (from feudal dues, customs, crown lands) After (1714) Parliament controls government finances Finances

Before (1603) Taxes raised and lowered arbitrarily by monarch Guilds/monopolies Prohibits land enclosure After (1714) Parliament favors free market policies Guilds abolished Feudal tenures abolished Enclosures sanctioned Economic policies

Before (1603) All men and women are members of Anglican Church Dissent is punishable offense Heretics burnt at stake After (1714) Dissent tolerated Burning prohibited Church courts dismantled Bishops no longer hold political office Separation of Church and State

Social Aspects of the Civil War • A fight within the aristocracy • Parliament = House of Lords and House of Commons • House of Lords (Peers) • Largest landowners and bishops • House of Commons • Largest landowners below rank of peer • Electorate: Freeholders whose lands produce more than 40 shilling per year (less than 10% of population)

King and Parliament at odds, 1600-1640 • Issues • Enclosures • Church courts • Taxes • Parliament passes Petition of Right • No taxation without the consent of the taxed

Civil War • Parliament, 1641-42, asserts control over army • King tries to arrest parliamentary leaders • King and Parliament each raise their own armies for civil war • Parliament tries and executes Charles, 1649, abolishing monarchy

The Republic • Cromwell, commoner, head of state 1649-58 • Puritan rule proves as oppressive as Anglican: no dancing, drinking, or theater • Parliament ready to accept King back when Cromwell dies, 1658 • Charles II restored to throne 1660

The Restoration • Charles II • Wants religious freedom for Catholics and Protestant dissenters • Parliament imposes Anglican rule • Otherwise, Parliament supports him • James II (1685-88) • Wants to make monarchy absolute in imitation of Louis XIV • Appoints Catholics to high office • Jails Anglican bishops

Glorious Revolution • James has male son • Parliament was hoping James would die and Mary would come to thrown • Parliament invites William of Orange to invade England • James flees (no fighting) • Parliament declares William and Mary joint monarchs 1689

Results of Glorious Revolution • Bill of Rights • Toleration Act

Seventeenth-Century England

Seventeenth-Century England

Presentation Transcript

ENGLAND’S COLONIAL EXPERIMENTS: THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

Opera in the Late Seventeenth Century

Seventeenth-Century British Literature

The Late Seventeenth Century

The Early Seventeenth Century

American Life in the Seventeenth Century

19th Century England

Seventeenth Century History by Dana Blohm

Seventeenth Century Propaganda

The Early Seventeenth Century

American Life in the Seventeenth Century

Colonial Life in the Seventeenth Century

History of mathematics – the seventeenth century

DIVISION FIVE THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

Seventeenth Century Anglo-American Poetry

American Life in the Seventeenth Century

Seventeenth-Century Britain and Ireland

17th Century England

Seventeenth-Century American Literature

The Seventeenth Century

The Seventeenth Century

17th Century England