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Fundamentals of Information Systems: Components and Evolution

Learn the basics of information systems, components of an IS, information quality, small group scenarios, history of IS, types of IS, and operation support systems. Explore the evolution of IS from data processing to strategic information systems.

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Fundamentals of Information Systems: Components and Evolution

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  1. 7/5: Ch. 2 Fundamentals of IS • What is a system? • What is an information system?

  2. What is a system? • define • input/processing/output • feedback & control • environment • open, adaptive systems ENVIRONMENT FEEDBACK &CONTROL PROCESSING INPUT OUTPUT

  3. What is an information system? • people: end users & IS specialists • data: databases, knowledge bases • hardware: machines & media • software: programs, procedures • networks: media, support (inc. hardware, software, people, data)

  4. What are components of an IS? • input: data entry • processing: adding, comparing, sorting, classifying, summarizing, updating • output: reports, displays • storage: file type, media • control: feedback, adjustments

  5. Information Quality • Time • timeliness, currency, frequency, time period • Content • accuracy, relevance, completeness, conciseness, scope • Form • clarity, detail, order, presentation, media

  6. Small Groups • American General Insurance (p. 53) • Creative Computers (p. 69) • Jefferson State University (p. 72) • Office Products Corporation (p. 72) • In each scenario, identify the people, data resources, hardware, software, and networks. Also, identify the information products. • In each scenario, identify the input, processing, output, storage, and control activities.

  7. History of (Computer-based) IS • data processing (1950’s) • record keeping, accounting, transaction processing • management reporting (1960’s) • predefined reports • decision support systems (1970’s) • on-the-fly managerial information • end-user computing (1980’s) • executive information systems, • expert systems, strategic information systems • enterprise computing (1990’s) • networked all-of-the-above

  8. Types of IS • Operations Support Systems • Transaction Processing Systems • Process Control Systems • Enterprise Collaboration Systems • Managerial Support Systems • Management Information Systems • Decision Support Systems • Executive Information Systems

  9. OSS: Transaction Processing • purchases • sales • inventory changes • batch processing – do in bulk at one time • realtime processing – do at the time of transaction • POS systems image courtesy of http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/tpf/tpfhp.html

  10. OSS: Process Control Systems • automatic triggers in system • inventory replenishment • manufacturing decisions (whichline to run) image courtesy of http://www.ints.com/washtec.htm

  11. OSS: Enterprise Collaboration Systems • Communication enhancements • Resource sharing • Coordination enhancements • Virtual teams • Groupware

  12. MSS: Management Information Systems • ‘canned’ reports • timing: 3 options • on demand • when limits are hit • periodically image courtesy of http://www.ints.com/ws_reports.htm

  13. MSS: Decision Support Systems • interactive • ad hoc basis • unstructured • spreadsheets image courtesy of http://rbac.com/index.htm

  14. MSS: Executive Information Systems • for executives • graphics-intensive • easy to use

  15. Expert Systems • knowledge-based information system • computer-based expert that helps in • troubleshooting • what-if analysis • problem remediation image courtesy of http://www.aiinc.ca/cgi-bin/acqweb.cgi

  16. Knowledge Management Systems • a way to increase communication of information • Internet/intranets web sites • discussion groups • knowledge bases image courtesy of http://www.ke.com.au/texpress/index.html

  17. Strategic Information Systems • products or services that provide market edge

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