LE/ES Science Regents: Processing the 7 Types of Science Diagrams

1. LE/ES Science Regents: Processing the 7 Types of Science Diagrams Gary Carlin Science Inst Specialist gcarlin@schools.nyc.gov (917) 714 – 7448 (718) 828-5943 CFN 603

2. Understanding Diagrams • 1. Compare & Contrast • 2. Before & After • 3. Representational • 4. Parts • 5. Step-by-Step • 6. Flow Chart • 7. Complete Process or 1-Picture Story

3. Living Environment Diagrams

4. Earth Science Diagrams

5. Chemistry Diagrams

6. Compare & Contrast (N-D-P-D)

7. Round Shape Square Shape Flexible Rigid 2. 1. Wall Membrane Cytoplasm EPR Nucleus Chloroplasts Vacuole Mitochondria Green Nucleus Center Presence (+/-) Chloroplasts (2) Wall (2) Centrioles (1) Differences Vacuole: small/many-- large few Nucleus: center – off center Shape: round -- rectangle

8. Terrestrial Planets CO2 atmosphere 1. 2. Smallest planet Similar to Earth High Density (Iron) Hot, no Plate Tectonics No magnetic field Core 42% Volume Highest Eccentricity Partially liquid Size of Mantle and Core Atmosphere Similarity to Earth Eccentricity Magnetic Field O2, Na, H Atmosphere

10. Before & After

11. 2. 1. Oxygen 7/2 More Oxygen Inside of Cell 5/4 Water 6/6 Protein 0/7 Explanation: The concentration of oxygen is greater outside of the cell so it will diffuse into the cell. (Protein molecules stay within the cell because they are too large to diffuse out of the cell. The water concentration is at equilibrium.)

12. Seven Stars A-G Constellation: Ursa Major Big Dipper - Plough Location of Stars – Change?: Dubhe, Merak, Phecda, Megrez, Alioth, Mizar, Alkaid 5 of the stars of the Big Dipper are the core of the Ursa Major Moving Group. The two ends are not part of the swarm, and are moving in the opposite direction. This will slowly change the Dipper's shape, with the bowl opening up and the handle becoming more bent. In 50,000 years the Dipper will no longer exist as we know it, but be re-formed into a new Dipper facing the opposite way.

13. Representational

14. Nitrogen Bases Fishtail Flag Pointed Flag Sugar Arrangement: Two Alternating Phosphate and Sugar strands that are cross connected by pairs of matching Nitrogen Bases (G-C, A-T) White Rectangle Cigar Cutter Ice cream Stick Black Rectangle Phosphate Explanation: Provides code for production of specific proteins (characteristics)

15. Cube Large circle with Two small circles Irregular shape Water molecules Attach to surface of salt and dust particles Water molecules will combine with tiny particles of dust, salt, and smoke in the air to form cloud droplets, which grow and develop into clouds and form of water we can see.

17. Parts

18. Oviduct Placenta PelvicRegion Amnion Ovary Uterus Between Rectum and Bladder Vagina Structure: Placenta embeds into the walls of the uterus and embryo is enclosed in a fluid filled membrane. Function: Food and wastes diffuse across the placenta and travel through the umbilical cord to support the growth and development of the fetus in the uterus.

19. Pendulum Pail with pendulum on a stool that can be spun Stool that can be turned The experimental apparatus consists of a tall pendulum free to oscillate in any vertical plane. The direction along which the pendulum swings rotates with time because of Earth's daily rotation.

21. Step-by-Step

22. Substrate Process: Enzymatic Breakdown Hydrolysis Enzyme-Substrate Complex Enzyme E-S Complex breaks down substrate into 2 parts Substrate fits into Enzyme Explanation: Enzymes are specific for the substrate they work on. The substrate fits into the enzymes active site and undergoes hydrolysis (or can be joined by dehydration synthesis).

23. Decayed Atom Atoms (undecayed) Half the atoms have decayed Time interval is the same Half Life: Amount of time it takes for half of the atoms in a sample to decay and is constant over the whole life of the decay

25. Flow Chart

26. Boxes: Humans Technology Consumption Population Growth Equilibrium in Ecosystems Arrows: Modify ecosystems through … Disrupts … Outcome: Ecosystem is not in equilibrium Main Idea: Technology, consumption, and population growth can cause negative changes in an ecosystem so it can no longer maintain its equilibrium.

27. Weathering, Expansion, Atmospheric Gas Hydrolysis, Carbonation, Abrasion, etc. Major type Involves Caused by Combines with Causing Break down of Rocks breakdown of rocks and soils through direct contact with atmospheric conditions or chemicals Weathering of rocks is necessary to produce soil and determines the mineral content of the soil

29. 1-Picture Story

30. 1. Elodea uses light to carry out photosynthesis Test Tube Oxygen 2. Photosynthesis produces oxygen as a byproduct and is released into the water Beaker Water Funnel 3. Oxygen bubbles rise to the top of the test tube and collects Elodea Outcome: In the process of photosynthesis plants use light energy, carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen in the chloroplasts. Variable/Next: Test gas in test tube with a glowing splint. If it is oxygen then splint will burn bright.

31. 1. Water from stream flows over rock. 2. Water carries sediments suspended In water or roll on stream bed Limestone -rock type -stream velocity -amount of water -width of stream -winding & straight Shale 3. Sediment particles erode bedrock and become smaller and smoother and deposit (rock cycle).