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Animal Science

Animal Science. Careers in Animal Science. Veterinarian requires a 4 year college degree, plus an advanced degree and special training in addition to the degree perform highly technical tasks such as embryo transfers. Tools for use in Animal Science.

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Animal Science

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  1. Animal Science

  2. Careers in Animal Science • Veterinarian • requires a 4 year college degree, plus an advanced degree and special training in addition to the degree • perform highly technical tasks such as embryo transfers

  3. Tools for use in Animal Science

  4. http://www.homestead.com/shilala/candling.html Tools for use in Animal Science • Candling light is used to view the interior of eggs to detect blood spots http://www.backyardchickens.com/LC-candling-eggs.html

  5. Tools for Breeding Management • Castration tools are used to prevent male animals from breeding • Burdizzo and elastrator http://www.pipevet.com/dock.asp?cat=4

  6. Tools for Breeding Management • Artificial insemination tools include: • Artificial vagina to collect semen from the male animal • Insemination straw for the disposition of semen into the female http://www.agtechinc.com/store/products.cfm?action=showThumb&start=1&DeptCode=38

  7. Tools for management • A dehorner is used to remove horns from cattle • A rectal thermometer is used to take the temperature of animals • A syringe is used to give injections or draw body fluids • A “V” notcher is used to notch the ears of swine for identification

  8. Tools for management V notcher: http://www.nationalband.com/nbtpunch.htm Dehorner: http://www.gov.on.ca/OMAFRA/english/livestock/beef/facts/87-038.htm

  9. Breeds of beef cattle

  10. Predominant English beef breeds in the US • Angus- black breed of cattle known for excellent meat quality http://www.cattle-today.com/angus.htm

  11. Predominant English beef breeds in the US • Hereford: Red cattle with a white face http://www.cattle-today.com/Hereford.htm

  12. Predominant English beef breeds in the US • Shorthorn: used in the bloodlines of more than 30 recognized breeds of beef cattle http://www.cattle-today.com/Shorthorn.htm

  13. Exotic beef breeds • Were imported into the US when consumers began demanding leaner meat • Calves grow faster • Examples: Charolais, Limousin, Simmental

  14. Exotic beef breeds Charolais Limousin http://www.cattle-today.com/ Simmental

  15. American beef breeds • Developed to withstand the heat and to resist disease and parasites in the South and Southwest • Resulted from crossing Brahman cattle from India with English breeds

  16. Dairy • Holstein: 90% of dairy cattle in US • Known for their black and white markings • Other dairy breeds include Guernsey, Jersey, and Ayrshire http://www.abc.cornell.edu/4H/dairy_pics.html

  17. Pork Production • The swine industry has changed greatly from the lard type hogs to lean type hog in demand today • Types of swine operations • Feeder-pig producers • Market-hog producers

  18. Pork Production • Purebred producers produce high-quality boars to: • Improve the genetic makeup of one breed of swine • Crossbreed sows to increase hybrid vigor

  19. Poultry Production • Chickens are classified as layers or broilers • Broilers are young chickens grown for their meat (Cornish) • Layers are chickens developed to produce huge numbers of eggs (White Leghorn)

  20. Poultry production Single-Comb White Leghorn Cornish Game http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/poultry/chickens/

  21. Poultry production • Another class of chickens is the Bantam • Miniature versions of standard breeds • Used primarily for show http://www.backyardchickens.com/breeds_bantams1.html

  22. Poultry production • Turkeys: 90% of turkeys grown commercially are Broad-Breasted White http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/poultry/turkeys/white/index.htm

  23. Major classes of nutrients • Water: regulates body temperature, dissolves and transports nutrients • Protein: builds muscle • Carbohydrates: • Provides energy for animals • Makes up about 75% of most animal rations • Corn and other cereal grains are the major source of carbohydrates

  24. Major classes of nutrients • Minerals: • Calcium is one of the major minerals and is found in ground limestone • Calcium is needed in poultry feed for eggshell development • Minerals are supplied by supplements

  25. Major classes of nutrients • Vitamins: needed by animals in minute amounts • Fat: small amount required

  26. Classes of Feeds • Concentrates are low in fiber and high in total digestible nutrients (TDN) • Cereal grains-major source • Others byproducts of grains and animals

  27. Classes of Feeds • Roughages are high in fiber and low in TDN • Dry roughage is hay • Green roughage includes the pasture grasses • Silage is a roughage that results from storage and fermentation of green crops

  28. Digestive system of a cow • Cows are ruminants, which means they have 4 stomach compartments • Ruminants can tolerate more roughage in the diet http://asnet.tamu.edu/www/kids/rumen.htm

  29. Digestive system of swine • Swine are monogastric, which means they have one stomach compartment • Ration must be high in concentrates http://www.fb.com/nefb/ag-ed/swine.html

  30. Digestive system of poultry • Poultry have no true stomachs and can only store small amounts of food in its digestive system • Chickens have no teeth. Food is swallowed whole, stored in the crop, and passed on to the gizzard where it is ground up • Rations must be high in food value

  31. Digestive system of poultry http://www.ahsc.arizona.edu/uac/iacuc/poultry/species.shtml

  32. THE END

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