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Religious Reform and Idealism in 19th Century America

Explore the Second Great Awakening, Transcendentalism, and reform movements in 19th century America through religious fervor, individualism, and societal change. Discover the impact of evangelicalism, utopian communities, and educational reforms.

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Religious Reform and Idealism in 19th Century America

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  1. Religion Sparks Reform Section 8*1 pp. 240-245

  2. Preview Questions • What was the Second Great Awakening? • What was transcendentalism? • What did Americans attempt to reform?

  3. I. The Second Great Awakening • Second Great Awakening • Evangelical movement • Dramatic religious conversions • Focus on individual salvation and social reform

  4. I. The Second Great Awakening • Revivalism • Roving preachers set up revival camps • Charles Finney: “Father of modern revivalism” • Increase in church membership

  5. I. The Second Great Awakening • The Burned-Over-District • Epicenter of revivalism: Western New York • Many new denominations • Communal societies • Reforms like abolitionism and temperance

  6. I. The Second Great Awakening • The African American Church • “Democratic Churches” expand religion • Social, political, cultural centers

  7. II. Transcendentalism • Transcendentalism • Led by Emerson and Thoreau • Truth found in nature, emotion, and imagination • Dignity of the individual • Promoted self-reliance, optimism, freedom • Civil Disobedience • Unitarianism • Faith in the individual • Reason and conscience as path to perfection

  8. III. Ideal Communities • Utopian Communities • Goal: create a perfect place • Inspired by idealism to improve mankind • Not long-lasting

  9. III. Ideal Communities • Shaker Communities • Value sharing, gender equality, peace • No marriage or children

  10. IV. School & Prison Reform • Asylums and Prisons • Dorothea Dix • Reformers emphasize rehabilitation and hope • Education • Set up publicly supported schools • Education is essential to democracy

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