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Unveiling the Intricacies of Cell Theory and Organelles in Organisms

Discover the fundamental principles of cell theory, including the structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as the intricate workings of organelles within the endomembrane system. Explore the roles of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and microbodies in cellular functions.

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Unveiling the Intricacies of Cell Theory and Organelles in Organisms

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  1. Chapter 4 Rodolfo Rizo(rrprogamer289@gmail) and Cayman Rojas(rojas.cayman@gmail.com)

  2. Cell Theory • All organisms are composed of one or more cells, and life processes of metabolism and heredity occur within these cells • Cells are the smallest living things, the basic units of organization of all organisms • Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cells • Created by Mathias Schleidan and Theodor Schwann • Cell size is limited for as the size increases, volume increases by ten • All cells have genetic material, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane

  3. Prokaryotic Cells • Contain a • Nucleoid • Cytoplasm • Plasma membrane • Cell wall • Ribosomes • Non-membrane bound organelles • 2 types-archaea and bacteria

  4. Eukaryotic Cells • All eukaryotes contain • Nucleus • More complex than prokaryotes • Compartmentalized organelles • Cytoskeleton • Exclusive to plant cells • Cell wall • Chloroplast • vacuole

  5. Cytoskeleton-internal network of protein filaments and microtubules in an animal or plant cell

  6. Endomembrane System • Series of membranes throughout the cytoplasm • Divides cell into compartments where different cellular functions occur • Organelles included are the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum(ER), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

  7. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum(Rough ER • Membrane that creates a network of channels throughout the cytoplasm • Attached with ribosomes to make more protein • More ribosomes than the smooth endoplasmic reticulum(smooth ER), hence, the ‘rough’ • Site of protein synthesis

  8. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) • Relatively few ribosomes • Function is to make lipids • Calcium storage • Detoxification of foreign substances

  9. Golgi Apparatus • Flattened sacks of interconnecting membranes • Packages and distributes materials to different parts of the cell • Makes cell wall components(plant cells only)

  10. Lysosomes • Contain digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules • Destroy cells or foreign material that the cell has engulfed by phagocytosis

  11. Microbodies • Eukaryotic cells contain a variety of enzyme-bearing membrane-enclosed vessels called microbodies • An important type of microbody is called the peroxisome , containing enzymes in the oxidation of fatty acids

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