Chapter 2 Lesson 1

1. Vascular Plants Chapter 2 Lesson 1 Vascular Plants

2. What are vascular plants? • Plants that have specialized cells and tissues that form passageways • The passageways transport water, food and waste around the plant. • Root system • Shoot System • Seeds

3. Root System • Usually found underground • Function: anchoring and absorbing • Anchoring: holds plant in place • Absorbing: takes in nutrients and water from the soil

4. Shoot System • Stems and leaves • Usually above the ground • Functions: support plant, transport materials, produce food

5. Seeds • Some have seeds and some don’t. • Seedless plants: spores • Spore: A single cell that can develop into a new plant that is exactly like the plant that produced it. • Plants with seeds: Seeds produce new plants. Can be flowering or not. • Seed: Contains the undeveloped plant, stored food and protective covering

6. How are seedless and seed plants different? • Most plants produce seeds. • Have male and female structures that produce male and female cells. • Seeds form when male and female cell join. • Food in seed helps undeveloped plant grow.

7. How are seedless and seed plants different? • Seedless plants use spores. • First grow a stalk with leaves, or fronds. • Underside has spore cases with thousands of tiny spores. • Spores drop near plant or blow away. • Won’t grow until they’re in the right conditions. Think: water.

8. Seed plants • Angiosperms: Plants that produce flowers • Fruits, vegetables, grains and almost all nuts • Most abundant • Gymnosperm: Plants that produce seeds inside a cone • Evergreens • Cone falls, breaks and releases seeds and seeds taken away by wind, water or animals.

9. What do flowers do? • Flowers: reproductive organs of angiosperms • Male part: stamen-produces pollen grains that contain male cells • Female part: pistel-the pollen grains go here to the same plant or to a different pistel • Pollination: the process described above • Bright colors and scents attract animals so they can transport the pollen grains

10. What do flowers do? • Once pollen grain reaches pistil, travels down it to reach a female egg cell. • Once they meet, a seed forms, eventually develops and a fruit forms around it. • The fruit protects the seed. • Fertilization: when male and female cell join • Seeds move in many ways: wings, hooks, animals