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Chapter 1 – Lesson 1-2 Understanding Computers

Chapter 1 – Lesson 1-2 Understanding Computers. L1-1 Exploring Computer Systems. Explain how input devices are suited to certain kinds of data Distinguish between RAM and ROM Identify and appropriate output device for different types of data Contrast different storage devices.

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Chapter 1 – Lesson 1-2 Understanding Computers

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  1. Chapter 1 – Lesson 1-2Understanding Computers

  2. L1-1 Exploring Computer Systems • Explain how input devices are suited to certain kinds of data • Distinguish between RAM and ROM • Identify and appropriate output device for different types of data • Contrast different storage devices

  3. Computer System • Several devices that perform the 4 basic functions of computing • Input • Processing • Output • Storage

  4. Input Devices – entering data, such as text, images, or sounds. • Keyboard • Mouse • Trackball • Touchpad • Joystick • Digital Cameras • Scanners • Microphones

  5. Input Devices

  6. Processing Devices • Located inside the computer and it travels from one device to another through computers motherboard.

  7. Processing Devices • CPU – main processing device (central processing unit) • Carry fewer than 1,000 instructions • Perform millions of these operations every second

  8. Processing Devices • RAM – primary storage, temporary storage of instructions and data using chips called random access memory • ROM – Read-only memory – chips that contain instructions that start the computer. These instructions do not change

  9. Output Devices • Devices that display the results of the processing • Computer screen • Printer • Speakers or headphones

  10. Storage Devices • Magnetic Media : Floppy-disk, USB, Zips, REV drives • USB: universal serial bus

  11. Storage Devices • Flash Media : use non-magnetic storage medium called flash memory • Used in digital cameras, handheld computers, and flash drives

  12. Storage Devices • Optical Media: CD – ROM, and DVD • CD-R, CD-RW, or DVD/CD-RW used to record data onto blank disk • CD-ROM, and DVD drives can only read data stored • CD can store 650 megabytes or 74 mins of audio • 700 megabytes or 80 mins

  13. L1-2Making Computers Work • Explain the Binary System • Describe how software is written and translated • Summarize the tasks of operating systems • Identify two leading operating systems and explain why compatibility is an issue.

  14. Digital Computing • Binary system: recognize two possible values • Bits (pieces) values • 8 bits together make a byte • A byte has 256 possible values from 00000000 to 11111111

  15. Digital Computing

  16. Digital Computing

  17. Software Provides Directions • Step by Step Instructions (Software Language) • 1. Get the number stored in a particular location in RAM • 2. Get another number from another particular location • 3. Add the two numbers • 4. Copy the answer to another particular location in RAM

  18. Software Provides Directions • Programmers write program’s source code. • Compilers translate the source code into binary form, using only 0’s and 1’s • The result is the object code.

  19. Operating Systems • Software that tells the computer how to do its work is the --- OPERATING SYSTEM • Two most popular operating systems are • Microsoft Windows • Macintosh OS (Apple Computers)

  20. Types of Computers for Companies Supercomputers mainframe

  21. Types of Computers for Companies Minicomputers server

  22. Types of Computers for Individuals workstations Desktop

  23. Types of Computers for Individuals Portable computer Handheld computer

  24. Test Your Knowledge 1. This picture is an example of Input or output devices 2. This is an example of input or output devices

  25. Test Your Knowledge • 3. The 4 basic functions of computing include all the following except? • A. processing • B. input • C. storage • D. commanding • 4. A camera can be an example of an input device. • TRUE • FALSE

  26. Test Your Knowledge • 5. Which of the following device houses all the chips and circuits a computer needs in order to function? • A. Table • B. Motherboard • C. Printer • D. Storage • 6. Which is also called primary storage? • A. ROM • B. RAM • C. CPU • D. DVD

  27. Test Your Knowledge • 7. Which of the following is an example of a secondary storage? • A. CD • B. ROM • C. USB • D. Both A & C • 8. Which is known as the language of computers? • A. Byte • B. RAM • C. ROM • D. Binary Code

  28. Test Your Knowledge • 9. How many bits are needed to form a byte? • A. 3 • B. 7 • C. 8 • D. 9 • 10. Which is an example of a binary number? • A. 10011001 • B. -342 • C. 67439622 • D. .0000002

  29. Test Your Knowledge • 11. The binary code for the letter A is? • A. 01000010 • B. 01000001 • C. 00001000 • D. 00110011 • 12. ______ write the software and special language for computers. • A. architects • B. technicians • C. programmers • D. electricians

  30. Test Your Knowledge • 13. What would you most likely use a microphone to input? • A. commands • B. images • C. sound • D. text • 14. What are the two most popular operating systems? • A. Word & Excel • B. Microsoft Windows & Macintosh OS • C. Macintosh OS & Apple • D. Powerpoint and MS

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