What do these phrases mean? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

What do these phrases mean?

‘Gotta’ go, gotta’ go, gotta’ go right now!....I’m lovin’ it... The quicker picker upper... Just do it... Zoom Zoom...

Have you heard these slogans before? Where?

• Students will compare and analyze ad campaigns in order to evaluate advertising and marketing strategies.
• Students will apply advertising and marketing strategies in order to create an ad campaign.
• Students will write a persuasive paper using their newly acquired skills.

• 2-3 Analyze informational texts for indicators of bias (for example, word choice and the exclusion and inclusion of particular information).
• 2-4Create responses to informational texts through a variety of methods (for example, drawings, written works, oral and auditory presentations, discussions, and media productions).
• 2-7 Identify the use of propaganda techniques (including card stacking, plain folks and transfer) in informational texts.
• 5-4 Create persuasive pieces (for example, editorials, essays, or speeches) that support a clearly stated position with concrete evidence.

SUPER SLOGANS

Whose slogan is: “Maybe she’s born with it, maybe it’s…”

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Super Slogans

Whose slogan is: “I’m Loving It”

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Super Slogans

Whose slogan is: “We bring good things to life.”

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Super Slogans

Whose slogan is: “Have it Your Way.”

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Super Slogans

• Propaganda designers have been putting messages into television commercials, news programs, magazine ads, and other things we read and see for years. These messages have been carefully designed to influence our opinions, emotions, attitudes and behavior. Their purpose is to persuade us to believe in something or to do somethingthat we would not normally believe or do. These messages have been designed to benefit someone, and that someone may not be you!

• People often think of propaganda as something negative, as in a con or a lie. But propaganda really doesn't have anything to do with negative or positive. It's a technique. The word propaganda refers to anytechnique that attempts to influence the opinions, emotions, attitudes or behavior of a groupin order to benefit the sponsor.
• The purpose of propaganda is to persuade

• pro·pa·gan·da
• Function: noun
• Etymology: New Latin, from Congregatio de propaganda fide Congregation for propagating the faith, organization established by Pope Gregory XV †1623
• Date: 1718
• 1: the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person2: ideas, facts, or allegations spread deliberately to further one's cause or to damage an opposing cause; also: a public action having such an effect
• — pro·pa·gan·dist\-dist\noun or adjective
• — pro·pa·gan·dis·tic\-ˌgan-ˈdis-tik\adjective
• — pro·pa·gan·dis·ti·cal·ly\-ti-k(ə-)lē\adverb

• plain folks appeal (“I’m one of you”)
• testimonials (“I saw the aliens, sure as I’m standing here”)
• bandwagon effect (everybody’s doing it)
• card-stacking (presenting only one side of the story)
• transfer (positive or negative associations, such as guilt by association)
• glittering generalities (idealistic or loaded language, such as “freedom” “empowering,” “family values”)
• name calling (“racist,” “tree hugger,” “femi-nazi”)

• The plain folks propaganda technique was another of the seven main techniques identified by the IPA, or Institute for Propaganda Analysis. The plain folks device is an attempt by the propagandist to convince the public that his views reflect those of the common person and that they are also working for the benefit of the common person. The propagandist will often attempt to use the accent of a specific audience as well as using specific idioms or jokes. Also, the propagandist, especially during speeches, may attempt to increase the illusion through imperfect pronunciation, stuttering, and a more limited vocabulary. Errors such as these help add to the impression of sincerity and spontaneity. This technique is usually most effective when used with glittering generalities, in an attempt to convince the public that the propagandist views about highly valued ideas are similar to their own and therefore more valid. When confronted by this type of propaganda, the subject should consider the proposals and ideas separately from the personality of the presenter.

• Based on the “common man,” “person on the street” or the “little guy”
• A politician calls himself a “populist” or “man of the people”
• “In this time of change, government must take the side of working families.” (George Bush, address at the Republican National Convention, Sept. 3, 2004.

• This technique has a person or cause being associated with regular people. Candidates who are just like you – they put their pants on one leg at a time too.

• Identifies product/idea with a locality or country
• Practical product for ordinary people.

Like a good neighbor…

"We are for Adolf Hitler!"

• Testimonials are another of the seven main forms of propaganda identified by the Institute for Propaganda Analysis. Testimonials are quotations or endorsements, in or out of context, which attempt to connect a famous or respectable person with a product or item. Testimonials are very closely connected to the transfer technique, in that an attempt is made to connect an agreeable person to another item. Testimonials are often used in advertising and political campaigns. When coming across testimonials, the subject should consider the merits of the item or proposal independently of the person of organization giving the testimonial.

• Anecdotal evidence for diet pills, herbal remedies, new-age crystals, etc.
• Anecdotal evidence of alien abductions, psychic phenomena
• “I saw what looked to be a hairy human figure, about 6-6 1/2' tall, running behind my bike. Scared the crap out of me, so I hit the throttle and did what I could to get out of there.” (from the Bigfoot Field Researchers Organizations Website, report # 13424

Jarod Fogle for Subway

• A celebrity or expert who endorse a product, candidate, or idea. Think about all of the commercials with celebrities. The celebrity may not always be qualified to speak on the subject.

• Statement endorsing an idea/product by a prominent person.
• Product does not have to be related to “star’s” field.
• Commonly uses musical artists, sports giants, actors/actresses

• Bandwagon is one of the most common techniques in both wartime and peacetime and plays an important part in modern advertising. Bandwagon is also one of the seven main propaganda techniques identified by the Institute for Propaganda Analysis in 1938. Bandwagon is an appeal to the subject to follow the crowd, to join in because others are doing so as well. Bandwagon propaganda is, essentially, trying to convince the subject that one side is the winning side, because more people have joined it. The subject is meant to believe that since so many people have joined, that victory is inevitable and defeat impossible. Since the average person always wants to be on the winning side, he or she is compelled to join in. However, in modern propaganda, bandwagon has taken a new twist. The subject is to be convinced by the propaganda that since everyone else is doing it, they will be left out if they do not. This is, effectively, the opposite of the other type of bandwagon, but usually provokes the same results. Subjects of bandwagon are compelled to join in because everyone else is doing so as well. When confronted with bandwagon propaganda, we should weigh the pros and cons of joining in independently from the amount of people who have already joined, and, as with most types of propaganda, we should seek more information.

• a “herd” mentality, following the crowd, or “counting heads”
• An employee caught pilfering says, “everyone else does it.”
• “A majority of Americans - 57% - say they believe in psychic phenomena such as ESP, telepathy or experiences that can’t be explained by normal means.” (CBS poll, April 28, 2002)

• Hop on the bandwagon or else you don’t fit in. Everyone is doing it, so you should too. This technique is contrived peer pressure – no one wants to be left out or behind.

• persuasive technique that invites you to join the crowd.
• Everybody’s doing it!
• Often uses weasel words

Everyone in Auburn is supportingBob Riley. Shouldn’t you be part of the winning team?

• Everyone listens to the Fuhrer

• Card stacking, or selective omission, is one of the seven techniques identified by the IPA, or Institute for Propaganda Analysis. It involves only presenting information that is positive to an idea or proposal and omitting information contrary to it. Card stacking is used in almost all forms of propaganda, and is extremely effective in convincing the public. Although the majority of information presented by the card stacking approach is true, it is dangerous because it omits important information. The best way to deal with card stacking is to get more information.

SUPER SLOGANS

Whose slogan is: “Buy it. Sell it. Love it.”

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Super Slogans

Whose slogan is: “Live in your world, play in ours.”

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Super Slogans

Whose slogan is: “Do you have the bunny inside?”

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Super Slogans

Whose slogan is “Good to the last drop.”

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Super Slogans

• Transfer is a technique used to carry over the authority and approval of something we respect and revere to something the propagandist would have us accept. Propagandists often employ symbols (e.g., waving the flag) to stir our emotions and win our approval. The Institute for Propaganda Analysis suggests we ask ourselves these questions when confronted with this technique. What is the speaker trying to pitch? What is the meaning of the thing the propagandist is trying to impart? Is there a legitimate connection between the suggestion made by the propagandist and the person or product? Is there merit in the proposal by itself? When confronted with this technique, question the merits of the idea or proposal independently of the convictions about other persons, ideas, or proposals.

• Propagandists transfer the fame, prestige, or reliability of something or someone to an issue that may or may not be related. Any politician who publicly says a prayer is transferring religion to their image. Use of a flag or patriotic leader is also commonly utilized. The Nazis justified treatment of the Jews by “proving” their inferiority through their own science.

• Projecting good or bad qualities from one person or group onto another
• The positive or negative association will “rub off” on the other person or group
• Politicians posing next to the flag, with troops, with veterans to appear patriotic
• An ad for a dietary supplement features a researcher in a white lab coat with a clip board to make the product appear more scientific

TransferPositive feelings/desires are connected to a product/user. Transfers positive feelings we have of something we know to something we don’t.This technique relies heavily on symbolism.

*Love/ Popularity *Fame *Wealth *Power

During the Kerry vs. Bush campaign an e-mail through the internet showed similar physical characteristics between John Kerry and Frankenstein.

• Propagandists employ vague, sweeping statements (often slogans or simple catchphrases) using language associated with values and beliefs deeply held by the audience without providing supporting information or reason. They appeal to such notions as honor, glory, love of country, desire for peace, freedom, and family values. The words and phrases are vague and suggest different things to different people but the implication is always favorable. It cannot be proved true or false because it really says little or nothing at all. The Institute of Propaganda Analysis suggests a number of questions we should ask ourselves if we are confronted with this technique: What do the slogans or phrases really mean? Is there a legitimate connection between the idea being discussed and the true meaning of the slogan or phrase being used? What are the merits of the idea itself if it is separated from the slogans or phrases?

• Using virtuous words; democracy, freedom, justice, patriotism, family values, motherhood, progress
• Embracing values at a high level of abstraction
• “change”
• “green”
• “reform”
• “patriotism is always more than just loyalty to a place on a map or a certain kind of people. Instead, it is also loyalty to America’s ideals – ideals for which anyone can sacrifice, or defend, or give their last full measure of devotion.” Barack Obama, June 30, 2008

• Use of words and images that generally carry a favorable meaning to everyone; including liberty, democracy, freedom, and civilization. It hopes to associate a person, idea, or group with a positive feeling, but no direct evidence. The largest problem with this technique is that all of these words mean different things to different people.

• Connotation implied to create “positive” impact.
• Statement jumps from a few cases to all.
• “Glittering” because it’s falsely attractive
• Often used by politicians
• Uses a “positive” connotation to encourage audiences to accept the product or person without examining the evidence.

Have it your way!

This slogan implies “choice” which is a founding principle of democracy.

"Open the door to freedom! Put a strong man at the helm! Out of the swamp! Forward with the powers of renewal!”

• This technique links a person or idea to a negative image. It is hoped that association with this negative symbol will cause the viewer to reject it outright. A derivative of this technique involves carefully selecting descriptive words. Compare the connotations word determined and aggressive. This is the opposite of glittering generalities.

• Ad hominem attacks
• tree-hugging liberals, right-wing zealots, femi-nazis, bureaucrats
• Barack Obama “palls around with terrorists.”
• “Despite the hysterics of a few pseudo-scientists, there is no reason to believe in global warming” Rush Limbaugh, See I told You So (1993)
• “secular progressives made great inroads over the past five years" and "if you don't believe that ... you're a moron." Bill O’Reilly, Dec 19, 2005, on his syndicated radio show, the Radio Factor

• A way of smearing an opponent
• Intent is to damage opponent
• It also arouses suspicion of opponent
• Intention is to create a seed of doubt
• Used by politicians and product companies

In a campaign speech to a logging company, the Congressman referred to his environmentally conscious opponent as a "tree hugger."

"The Jew: The inciter of war, the prolonger of war."

• words "deliberately constructed for political purposes: words, that is to say, which not only had in every case a political implication, but were intended to impose a desirable mental attitude upon the person using them."

• The use of words or statements that deter from the meaning, to make it not as bad, and more tasteful to the general public. The Nazis used the term resettlement to describe the mass murder of the Jews.

SUPER SLOGANS 2

Whose slogan is: “Thousands of Possibilities. Get Yours.”

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Super Slogans 2

Whose slogan is: “Expect More. Pay Less.”

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Super Slogans 2

Whose slogan is: “Like a good neighbor, _____ ______ is there”

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Super Slogans 2

Whose slogan is: “Breakfast of Champions.”

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Super Slogans 2

• Appeals to authority have important and powerful people supporting a candidate or idea. Similar to testimonial.

"One People, One Reich, One Führer."

• Propagandists use this technique to create fear and arouse prejudice by using negative words (bad names) to create an unfavorable opinion or hatred against a group, beliefs, ideas or institutions they would have us denounce. This method calls for a conclusion without examining the evidence. It is the use of derogatory language or words that carry a negative connotation when describing an enemy. The propaganda attempts to arouse prejudice among the public by labeling the target something that the public dislikes. Often, name calling is employed using sarcasm and ridicule, and shows up often in political cartoons or writings. When examining name calling propaganda, we should attempt to separate our feelings about the name and our feelings about the actual idea or proposal.

• During wartime this technique is used often. It informs people that personal danger is imminent if they do or do not do some specific action.

• Simplification is extremely similar to pinpointing the enemy, in that it often reduces a complex situation to a clear-cut choice involving good and evil. This technique is often useful in swaying uneducated audiences. When faced with simplification, it is often useful to examine other factors and pieces of the proposal or idea, and, as with all other forms of propaganda, it is essential to get more information.

• Drawing a conclusion from a series of premises. For example: Religion is good. Wars are fought over religion. Therefore, religious wars are good.

• Misery - Appeals to pity or sympathy to gain support.
• Fancy Words - Use of elegant or technical sounding words to persuade and camouflage the truth.
• Word Magic - Uses emotional or catchy words to create a positive feeling and makes it easier to remember the product or idea.
• Scapegoat
• Stereotyping